Aging Aging

Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes 1292. No reaction appears to be occurring. Check reaction system using positive controls.Check fluorimeter settings. Ensure that buffer is warmed to 37°C.3. No reaction seems to be occurring. Increase amount of microsomal or S9 suspensionadded and reassay.References1. Ioannides, C., ed. (1998) Nutrition and Chemical Toxicity. John Wiley & Sons,Chichester.2. Hinson, J. A., Pumford, N. R., and Nelson, S. D. (1994) The role of metabolicactivation in drug toxicity. Drug Metab. Rev. 26, 395–412.3. Vermeulen, N. P. E. (1996) Role of metabolism in chemical toxicity, in CytochromesP450: Metabolic and Toxicological Aspects (Ioannides, C., ed.), CRC Press, BocaRaton, FL, pp. 29–53.4. Pessayre, D., Dolder, A., Arigou, J. Y., Wandscheer, J.-C., Descatoire, V., Degott,C., and Benhamou, J. P. (1979) Effect of fasting on metabolite-mediated hepatotoxicityin the rat. Gastroenterology 77, 264–271.5. Kawajiri, K., Yonekawa, H., Hara, T., and Tagashira, Y. (1978) Biochemical basisfor the resistance of guinea pigs to carcinogenesis by 2-acetylaminofluorene.Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 85, 959–965.6. Maddrey, W. C. (1987) Hepatic effects of acetaminophen. Enhanced toxicity inalcoholics. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 9, 180–185.7. Guengerich, F. P. (1993) Cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Am. Scientist 81, 440–447.8. Ioannides, C. and Parke, D. V. (1990) The cytochrome P450 I gene family of microsomalhaemoproteins and their role in their metabolic activation of chemicals. DrugMetab. Rev. 22, 1–85.9. Gonzalez, F. J. and Gelboin H. V. (1994) Role of human cytochromes P450 in themetabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and toxins. Drug Metab. Rev. 26,165–183.10. Meyer, U. A., Skoda, R. C., and Zanger, U. M. (1990) The genetic polymorphism ofdebrisoquine/sparteine metabolism — molecular mechanisms. Pharmacol. Ther.46, 297–308.11. Westin, S., Tollet, P., Ström, A., Mode, A., and Gustafsson, J. Å. (1992) The roleand mechanism of growth hormone in the regulation of sexually dimorphic P450enzymes in rat liver. J. Steroid Biochem. Molec. Biol. 43, 1045–1053.12. Ioannides, C., Barnett, C. R., Irizar, A., and Flatt, P. R. (1996) Expression of cytochromeP450 proteins in disease, in Cytochromes P450: Metabolic and ToxicologicalAspects (Ioannides, C., ed.), CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 301–327.13. Ameer, B. and Weintraub, R. A., 1997, Drug interactions with grapefruit juice.Clin. Pharmacol. 33, 103–121.14. Dragnev, K. H., Nims, R. W., and Lubet, R. A. (1995) The chemopreventive agentdiallyl sulfide. A structurally atypical phenobarbital-type inducer. Biochem.Pharmacol. 50, 2099–2104.15. Guengerich, F. P. and Turvy, C. G. (1991) Comparison of levels of several humancytochrome P-450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase in normal and disease states