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108 Health systems in transition France 4.2 Human resources In December 2010, there were about 1.5 million health care professionals in France, accounting for approximately 5.3% of the working population. The health care workforce has been steadily increasing since the late 1980s (Table 4.3). Registered health professions in France include medical care professionals (physicians, nurses, dentists, midwives), pharmacists, professionals involved in rehabilitation (physiotherapists, speech therapists, vision therapists, psychomotor therapists, occupational therapists and chiropodists) and technical paramedical professions (hearing aid specialists, orthoptists and radiographers). Table 4.3 Health workers in France per 100 000 population, 1990–2011, selected years 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 Physicians 306 323 330 338 331 329 Primary care doctors 162 164 161 165 161 159 Specialist physicians 144 160 169 173 170 170 Nurses 538 591 651 742 822 844 Midwives 19 21 24 27 61 29 Dentists 67 69 69 67 65 64 Optometrists na na 30 34 47 50 Pharmacists na 93 99 111 118 113 Psychologists na na na na 58 66 Radiographers 12 13 14 14 14 14 Occupational therapists na na 7 9 11 12 Source: Eco-Santé, 2014. Note: na: Not available. 4.2.1 Health workforce trends The density of physicians and nurses in France is currently very close to the European average (Figs 4.2 and 4.3). This density is mainly the consequence of the relative youth of the health care workforce, resulting in a low retirement rate. However, with large waves of professionals now beginning to retire, the health care sector may be confronted in the next decade with a reduction in the number of professionals, which may create or exacerbate difficulties in access to some categories of professionals, particularly in underserved regions.
Health systems in transition France 109 Fig. 4.2 Number of physicians per 100 000 population in France and selected countries, 1990–2013 450 Physicians/100,000 population 400 350 300 250 Germany Italy Spain EU France United Kingdom 200 150 100 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2015. Note: Data for France not available for 1990–2010. Fig. 4.3 Number of nurses per 100 000 population in France and selected countries, 1996–2013 1400 Nurses/100,000 population Germany 1200 1000 France 800 United Kingdom EU 600 Italy Spain 400 200 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2015. Note: Data for France not available for 1990–2010.
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Health Systems in Transition Vol. 1
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Contents Contents Preface
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Preface Preface The Health Systems
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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements T
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List of tables, figures and boxes L
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Abstract Abstract This analysis of
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction The
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