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Legacy Capital Partners, LLC. 2012. The Ripple Effect: A Proposal for Development of Chicago Lakeside. May 16. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://faculty.chicagobooth.edu/joseph.pagliari/files/RE/ LegacyCapitalPartnersLakesideDevProposal06.12.12.pdf. Marcuse, Peter. 2009. “From Critical Urban Theory to the ‘Right to the City.’” City 13, 2/3: 185-97. McCaffery Interests. 2010. “Chicago Lakeside - Imagine.” Chicago Lakeside Development. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/videos. ———. 2012. “Lakeside: A New City, A Community For The 21st Century, A Global Opportunity. Chicago Lakeside Development. http://www.law. du.edu/documents/rmlui/conference/powerpoints/2012/Woodbury-E-Rolefor-Technology-030112.pdf. ———. 2013. “Imagine: Chicago Lakeside Development.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 21, 2015. http:// chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/videos. ———. 2015a. “Community.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/community. ———. 2015b. “Energy.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/innovation/ energy. ———. 2015c. “Full Circle: The Barack Obama Presidential Library at Chicago Lakeside.” Vimeo. January. Accessed November 20, 2015. https:// vimeo.com/142260873. ———. 2015d. “History.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/the-site/ history. ———. 2015e. “Partners.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed October 5, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/partners. ———. 2015f. “Transit.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/innovation/transit. ———. 2015g. “Videos.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/videos. ———. 2015h. “Vision.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed October 5, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/vision. ———. 2015i. “Water.” Chicago Lakeside Development. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://chicagolakesidedevelopment.com/innovation/water. NietoGomez, Amalia. 2014. “Lakeside Development Ignoring Community Wishes.” Chicago Sun-Times, December 19. Accessed October 15, 2015. http://chicago.suntimes.com/opinion/7/71/211743/lakeside-developmentignoring-community-wishes. Raffol, Matthew. 2012. “Community Benefits Agreements in the Political Economy of Urban Development.” Advocates’ Forum 2012. Accessed October 10, 2015. http://ssa.uchicago.edu/community-benefits-agreementspolitical-economy-urban-development. Sellers, Rod. 2006. “Chicago’s Southeast Side: Industrial History.” Southeast Chicago Historical Society. March. Accessed November 21, 2015. https://www.csu.edu/cerc/researchreports/documents/ ChicagoSESideIndustrialHistory.pdf. Sustainia. 2012a. “Chicago Lakeside Development - Winner of Sustainia Community Award 2012.” Vimeo. Accessed November 21, 2015. https:// vimeo.com/59977149. ———. 2012b. A Guide to 100 Sustainable Solutions. Issuu. Accessed November 21, 2015. http://issuu.com/sustainia/docs/sustainia100/141 ?e=4517615/2577782. Walley, Christine. 2010. “Deindustrializing Chicago: A Daughter’s Story.” In The Insecure American: How We Got Here and What We Should Do About It, edited by Hugh Gusterson and Catherine Besteman, 113-139. Berkeley: University of California Press. Wohl, Jessica. 2014. “Mariano’s Plans New Store on Former Steel Mill Site in South Chicago.” Chicago Tribune, July 9. Accessed November 20, 2015. http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2014-07-09/business/chi-marianos-newstore-south-chicago-20140709_1_grocery-store-roundy-bob-mariano. DEPAUL UNIVERSITY 85
OUTRAGES ON THE WOMEN OF IRELAND: SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE COMMITTED BY CROWN FORCES DURING THE ANGLO-IRISH WAR Amy Reece* Irish Studies Program The armed conflict that followed the declaration of the new Irish Republic in December 1918 was a bloody guerilla war pitting Irish irregulars against the regular British Army and the Royal Irish Constabulary. 1 The Irish Republican Army (IRA), a name the insurgents called themselves, did not have the ability to capture and hold large amounts of territory. To make up for this shortfall, they created “flying columns,” small, highly mobile groups employing guerrilla tactics such as ambushes, raids, and sabotage. 2 noncombatant civilians, can unfortunately lead soldiers to abuse civilians. The Anglo-Irish War, which is also known as the Irish War of Independence, conformed to this pattern. By viewing the conflict as an insurrection and relying on police instead of soldiers to defeat it, the British government relied upon men unprepared for such a conflict. This unpreparedness led them to behave “in ways that violate their preexisting moral and ethical standards.” 4 They fought “terror, as they saw it, with terror.” 5 The British forces were not used to this sort of military campaign. They considered guerilla warfare illegitimate and, therefore, not covered by the laws of war that governed the First World War in which so many of them had fought. In his chapter, “Just War and Guerilla War,” Michael L. Gross explains that traditional armies believe that guerilla armies “violate the principles of just war in the most egregious way and leave state armies to wring their hands in frustration and debate the price of violating the same principles that their adversaries mockingly ignore.” 3 This frustration, as well as the inability to ascertain the difference between combatants and Sexual violence, specifically rape, has long been both an unintended consequence and a deliberate weapon of war. In ethnic or nationalist conflicts, sexual violence often has much to do with women as a living embodiment of their nation or ethnic group. In Nationalism and Sexuality, George Mosse explains that women are symbols and guardians of the nation and its cultural traditions. Women represent the purity and continuity of the nation; to violate a woman is to violate the nation. Exploitation of women’s place in the socio-cultural traditions of their community by use of sexual violence creates an effective weapon of war. Cynthia Enloe explains: * This paper was prepared for History 390, the senior capstone, under the direction of Professor Thomas Mockaitis. 1 Charles Townshend, “People’s War,” in The Oxford History of Modern War, ed. Charles Townshend (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 184-86. 2 Commandent General Tom Barry, Guerilla Days in Ireland: A First Hand Account of the Black and Tan War (1919-1921) (New York City: The Devin- Adair Company, 1956). 3 Michael L. Gross, “Just War and Guerilla War,” in Just War: Authority, Tradition, and Practice, ed. Anthony F. Lang, Cian O’Driscoll, and John Williams (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2013), 213. If military strategists (and their civilian allies and superiors) imagine that women provide the backbone of the enemy’s culture, if they define women chiefly as breeders, if they define women as men’s property, and 4 D.M. Leeson, The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, 1920-1921 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 2. 5 Ibid. 86 CREATING KNOWLEDGE
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D E PAUL UNIVERSITY Creating Knowle
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2016 EDITOR Warren C. Schultz ART J
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86 Amy Reece Outrages on the Women
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FOREWORD Dear Students, Colleagues,
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articles written by African-America
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FIGURE 1 An advertisement for Dr. F
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FIGURE 4 An advertisement for G&T R
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Byrd, Ayana, and Lori
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Renaissance. Hired as a replacement
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techniques, he was able to gain som
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high became popular amongst white a
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Calloway’s white audience thought
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Allison Nolden | Untitled DEPAUL UN
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in the way they were decorated. In
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FIGURE 3 FIGURE 4 stepped into Wes
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goods to connect them to a “simpl
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are homemade from fresh ingredients
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Page 62 and 63: FIGURE 1 Issue 1 of Simbolul, with
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IMAGE 2 Dulce María Rodríguez en
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Angela Guest | Acting Out DEPAUL UN
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with a literal death, but more the
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caught up with. There has been litt
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proliferation of old, often rich, m
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Atwood, Margaret. “B
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different groups of people, as a co
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counterculture. The efforts of the
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offering flowers, symbols of peace.
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Witnee Warell | Desert Damsels DEPA
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