Online Papers - Brian Weatherson

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Deontology and Descartes’ Demon 179 The following principle seems to be a reasonable principle concerning blameless inference. A2 If S blamelessly believes that she is justified in believing that p, and on the basis of that belief comes to believe that p, then she is blameless in believing that p. This is just a principle of transfer of blameworthiness. The quite natural thought is that you do not become blameworthy by inferring from I am justified in believing p to p. This inference is clearly not necessarily truth-preserving, but that is not a constraint on inferences that transfer blameworthiness, since not all ampliative inferences are blameworthy. (Indeed, many are praiseworthy.) And it is hard to imagine a less blameworthy ampliative inference schema than this one. We can see this more clearly with an example of A2. Suzy sees a lot of Fs and observes they are all Gs. She infers that it is justified for her to conclude that all Fs are Gs. Now it turns out this is a bad inference. In fact, G is a gruesome predicate in her world, so that is not a justified inference. But Suzy, like many people, does not have the concept of gruesomeness, and without it had no reason to suspect that this would be a bad inference. So she is blameless. If all that is correct, it is hard to imagine that she becomes blameworthy by actually inferring from what she has so far that all Fs are in fact Gs. Perhaps you might think her original inference, that it is justified to believe all Fs are Gs, was blameworthy, but blame can not kick in for the first time when she moves to the first order belief. I am now going to derive a contradiction from A1, A2 and J=B, and a clearly consistent set of assumptions about a possible case of belief. 1. S justifiedly, but falsely, believes that she is justified in believing p. (Assumption - A1) 2. On the basis of this belief, S comes to believe that p. (Assumption) 3. S blamelessly believes that she is justified in believing that p. (1, J=B) 4. S blamelessly believes that p. (2, 3, A2) 5. S is justified in believing that p. (4, J=B) 6. It is false that S is justified in believing that p. (1) One of A1, A2 and J=B has to go. If you accept J=B, I think it has got to be A1, since A2 is extremely plausible. But A1 only fails if we accept quite a strong externalist principle of justification, namely that justification entails truth. More precisely, we’re led to the view that justification entails truth when it comes to propositions about our own justification. But as we saw above, that pretty directly implies that justification entails truth when it comes to propositions about our own evidence. And, on the plausible assumption that evidence can be practically anything, that leads to there being a very wide range of cases where justification entails truth. So J=B entails this strong form of externalism. This does not mean that internalists cannot accept a deontological conception of justification. But the kind of deontological conception of justification that is left standing by this argument is quite different to J=B, and I think to existing deontological conceptions of justification. Here’s what it would look like. First, we say
Deontology and Descartes’ Demon 180 that a belief’s being justified is not a matter of it being blameless, but a matter of it being in a certain way praiseworthy. Second, we say that the inference from I am justified in believing that p to p is not praiseworthy if the premise is false. So if we tried to run the above argument against J=P (the premise that justified beliefs are praiseworthy) it would fail at step 4. So anyone who wants to hold that justification is (even in large part) deontological, and wants to accept that justification can come apart from truth, should hold that justification is a kind of praiseworthiness, not a kind of blamelessness.
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Online Papers Brian Weatherson Janu
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CONTENTS ii IV Vagueness 410 22 Man
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What Good are Counterexamples? The
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What Good are Counterexamples? 4 Ge
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What Good are Counterexamples? 6 it
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What Good are Counterexamples? 8 to
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What Good are Counterexamples? 10 f
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What Good are Counterexamples? 12 (
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What Good are Counterexamples? 14
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What Good are Counterexamples? 16 c
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What Good are Counterexamples? 18 T
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What Good are Counterexamples? 20 g
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What Good are Counterexamples? 22 p
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Morality, Fiction and Possibility 2
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David Lewis 52 1 Lewis’s Life and
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David Lewis 54 that, and it is comm
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David Lewis 56 co-ordination proble
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David Lewis 58 3.2 Analysis The bas
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David Lewis 60 getting us closer to
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David Lewis 62 the number of new te
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David Lewis 64 So, at least in the
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David Lewis 66 of a belief is a pro
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David Lewis 68 5 Humean Supervenien
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David Lewis 70 Instead of ranking c
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David Lewis 72 5.2 Causation In “
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David Lewis 74 parked cars influenc
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David Lewis 76 to there being at le
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David Lewis 78 In the first chapter
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David Lewis 80 6.3 Paradise on the
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David Lewis 82 problem, what he dub
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David Lewis 84 no classes? Can you
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David Lewis 86 Lewis doubted severa
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David Lewis 88 7.5 Ethics Lewis is
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Part II Epistemology
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Can We Do Without Pragmatic Encroac
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 1 Kno
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 118 S
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 120 d
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 122 M
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 124 i
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Knowledge, Bets and Interests 126 T
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Page 145 and 146: Defending Interest-Relative Invaria
Page 161 and 162: Deontology and Descartes’ Demon 1
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Page 185 and 186: Luminous Margins 182 But Tolerance
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Page 189 and 190: Luminous Margins 186 he actually ha
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Page 193 and 194: Scepticism, Rationalism and Externa
Page 209 and 210: Disagreements, Philosophical and Ot
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Do Judgments Screen Evidence? 230 N
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Do Judgments Screen Evidence? 232 o
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Do Judgments Screen Evidence? 234 .
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Do Judgments Screen Evidence? 236 O
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Do Judgments Screen Evidence? 238 p
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Easy Knowledge and Other Epistemic
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Induction and Supposition 258 Note
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Induction and Supposition 260 this
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Induction and Supposition 262 one s
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Part III Language
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Epistemic Modals in Context 266 1 A
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Epistemic Modals in Context 268 (11
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Epistemic Modals in Context 270 pro
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Epistemic Modals in Context 272 not
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Epistemic Modals in Context 274 in
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Epistemic Modals in Context 276 But
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Epistemic Modals in Context 278 Mor
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Epistemic Modals in Context 280 Sin
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Epistemic Modals in Context 282 his
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Epistemic Modals in Context 284 Fir
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Epistemic Modals in Context 286 eve
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Epistemic Modals in Context 288 The
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Epistemic Modals in Context 290 jus
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Epistemic Modals in Context 292 we
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Epistemic Modals in Context 294 cer
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Epistemic Modals in Context 296 App
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Epistemic Modals in Context 298 So
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Attitudes and Relativism Data about
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Attitudes and Relativism 302 less c
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Attitudes and Relativism 304 contex
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Attitudes and Relativism 306 take a
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Attitudes and Relativism 308 proble
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Attitudes and Relativism 310 6. In
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Attitudes and Relativism 312 it mea
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Attitudes and Relativism 314 to the
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Conditionals and Indexical Relativi
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Indicatives and Subjunctives This p
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 342 (6
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 344 Th
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 346 3
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 348 (b
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 350 cl
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Indicatives and Subjunctives 352 4
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Assertion, Knowledge and Action Ish
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Assertion, Knowledge and Action 356
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No Royal Road to Relativism 374 are
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No Royal Road to Relativism 376 thi
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No Royal Road to Relativism 378 Haw
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No Royal Road to Relativism 380 the
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Epistemic Modals and Epistemic Moda
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Questioning Contextualism 398 be pr
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Questioning Contextualism 400 (2) D
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Questioning Contextualism 402 Lestr
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Questioning Contextualism 404 And i
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Questioning Contextualism 406 the p
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Questioning Contextualism 408 argum
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Part IV Vagueness
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Many Many Problems 412 we precisify
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Many Many Problems 414 If this is h
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Many Many Problems 416 influence ov
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Many Many Problems 418 our talk and
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Many Many Problems 420 Kilimanjaro(
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Many Many Problems 422 Non-Arbitrar
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Many Many Problems 424 two. 11 In t
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Many Many Problems 426 hard questio
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy Abstract
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 430 But
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 432 (f)
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 434 can
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 436 seem
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 438 view
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Vagueness as Indeterminacy 440 Most
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True, Truer, Truest What the world
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True, Truer, Truest 444 But it has
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True, Truer, Truest 446 B2 Some cla
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True, Truer, Truest 448 [∀x: Fx]
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True, Truer, Truest 450 • All the
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True, Truer, Truest 452 (∨ In-lef
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True, Truer, Truest 454 Now (5) is
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True, Truer, Truest 456 True and Tr
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Vagueness and Pragmatics If Louis i
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 460 Option
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 462 it doe
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 464 in mak
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 466 (10) Y
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 468 premis
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 470 have b
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 472 be exp
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 474 senten
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 476 5 Cons
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 478 As BH
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 480 truth
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 482 (32) a
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Vagueness and Pragmatics 484 links
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From Classical to Intuitionistic Pr
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Should We Respond to Evil With Indi
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The Bayesian and the Dogmatist Ther
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Keynes, Uncertainty and Interest Ra
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty The Sl
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty 548 is
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty 550 Wh
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty 552 Wi
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty 554 ju
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Stalnaker on Sleeping Beauty 556 Th
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Dogmatism and Intuitionistic Probab
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Intrinsic Properties and Combinator
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The Asymmetric Magnets Problem Ther
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The Asymmetric Magnets Problem 588
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Chopping Up Gunk John Hawthorne, Br
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Chopping Up Gunk 600 (3) Occupation
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Chopping Up Gunk 602 Further, in th
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Chopping Up Gunk 604 y and z in S,
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Intrinsic and Extrinsic Properties
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In Defense of a Kripkean Dogma Jona
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In Defense of a Kripkean Dogma 622
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Defending Causal Decision Theory In
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Defending Causal Decision Theory 63
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 640 talks a
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 642 his pos
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 644 as remo
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 646 be thre
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 648 How do
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 650 in the
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 652 He then
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 654 from th
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Keynes and Wittgenstein 656 1cm? Ac
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Doing Philosophy With Words 666 ver
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Doing Philosophy With Words 668 Som
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Doing Philosophy With Words 670 If
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Doing Philosophy With Words 672 The
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Epistemicism, Parasites and Vague N
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Begging the Question and Bayesians
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Prankster’s Ethics Andy Egan, Bri
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Prankster’s Ethics 688 Possibly i
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Prankster’s Ethics 690 3 A Proble
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Prankster’s Ethics 692 self might
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Are You a Sim? 694 so what we know
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Are You a Sim? 696 particular, she
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Are You a Sim? 698 way from knowing
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Humeans Aren’t Out of Their Minds
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Nine Objections to Steiner and Wolf
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Misleading Indexicals 712 prominent
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 714 Barker, Stephen. 1
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 716 Campbell, John. 20
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 718 DePaul, Michael an
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 720 Ellis, Brian. 1991
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 722 Geach, P. T. 1969.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 724 Harman, Gilbert. 1
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 726 —. 1991. “Deci
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 728 —. 1971-1989. Th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 730 —. 1971b. “Cou
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 732 —. 1986a. “Eve
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 734 —. 2003. “Thin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 736 McCawley, James. 1
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 738 —. 1997. “Keyn
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 740 Romdenh-Romluc, Ko
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 742 Shoemaker, Sydney.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 744 Stanley, Jason. 20
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 746 Warfield, Ted and
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 748 Wolfe, Tom. 2000.
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