Soybean and Bees

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CORBET, S. A.; DELFOSSE, E. Honeybees and the nectar of Echium plantagineum L. in southeastem Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology, v. 9, p. 125-139, 1984. CORBET, S. A.; WILLMER, P. G.; BEAMENT, J. W. L.; UNWIN, D. M.; PRYS-JONES, O. E. Postsecretory determinants of sugar concentration in nectar. Plant Cell and Environment, v. 2, p. 293-308, 1979. CORSO, I. C. Relação entre o efeito associado de percevejos e fungos na produção e na qaulidade de sementes de soja, bem como transmissão de moléstias. 1977. 86 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) – Faculdade de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. CORSO, I. C.; PORTO, M. D. M. Relação entre o efeito associado de percevejos e na produtividade e teores de óleo e proteína de sementes de soja. Agronomia Sulriograndense, v. 14, n. 1, p. 41-46, 1978. CROZIER, T. S.; THOMAS, J. F. Normal floral ontogeny and cool temperature-induced aberrant floral development in Glycine max (Fabaceae). American Journal of Botany, v. 80, p. 429-448, 1993. CRUDEN, R. W.; HERMANN, S. M.; PETERSON, S. Patterns of nectar production and plant-pollinator coevolution. In: Bent1ey, B.; Elias, T.S. The biology of nectaries. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983. p. 80-125. CUTLER, G. H. A simple method for making soybean hybrids. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, v. 26, p. 252-254, 1934. DAFNI, H.; LENSKY, Y.; FAHN, A. Flower and nectar characteristics of nine species of Labiatae and their influence on honeybee visits. Journal of Apicultural Research, v. 27, p. 103–114, 1988. DALL´AGNOL, A. Flowering and fruiting patterns of five determinate soybean cultivars. 1980. 88p. Thesis (Ph. D. Genetics) - University of Florida, Gainesville. DAVIS, A. R.; GUNNING, B. E. S. The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L. 2. Stomatal number and distribution as selection criteria for breeding for high nectar sugar production. Acta Horticulturae, v. 288, p. 329-334, 1991. DAVIS, A. R.; GUNNING, B. E. S. The modified stomata of the floral nectary of Vicia faba L.: development, anatomy and ultrastructure. Protoplasma, v. 164, p. 134-152, 1992. 110 SoybeAn and bees
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SOYBEAN and BEES Decio Luiz Gazzoni
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Copies of this publication can be a
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Photo: Paulo Robson de Souza This b
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continuous development and use of p
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PREFACE Soybeans (Glycine max (L.)
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the pest abundance and the level of
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Table of Contents Soybean cycle....
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SOYBEAN cYCLE Soybean (Glycine max
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es from pod set to physiological ma
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Luckily for the growers - and for t
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The tassel starts to develop inside
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Flowers: Structure, anatomy and maj
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ing region is the throat and the fl
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Authors like Turck et al. (2008) as
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In the microgametogenesis, the unic
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dynamics, and the flux of ions are
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Once confirmed, agricultural practi
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Soybean reproductive development So
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Photos: Decio Luiz Gazzoni A B Figu
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Photo: Decio Luiz Gazzoni Photos: D
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monecious or dioecious flowers. Fig
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(Severson, 1983). He observed that
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stage. However, in spite of its res
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less prominent and quickly resemble
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Figure 19. Apis mellifera visiting
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Embryo, endosperm and seed coat dev
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Parallel to the embryo development
Page 59 and 60: Bees and plants relations Nectar, a
Page 61 and 62: with protection activity, as well a
Page 63 and 64: mental tobacco are expressed in the
Page 65 and 66: (2009) and its almost non-existence
Page 67 and 68: guided to particular flowers by flo
Page 69 and 70: crose, fructose, and glucose; domin
Page 71 and 72: Nectar, aroma and fidelity of polli
Page 73 and 74: Kram (2008) suggested a role in ant
Page 75 and 76: in seeds, particularly at intermedi
Page 77 and 78: legume nectaries. Species involved
Page 79 and 80: cium. These bodies vary somewhat in
Page 81: Trichomes and nectaries Gynoecium n
Page 84 and 85: soybean flowers. Also, van der Lind
Page 86 and 87: flowered varieties are inter-mixed
Page 88 and 89: Table 5. Differences on yield compo
Page 91 and 92: Pollinators foraging on soybeans Po
Page 93: Erickson (1984) questioned whether
Page 96 and 97: On the study of Chiari et al. (2013
Page 98 and 99: al. (1983). Conversely, lower N and
Page 100 and 101: the mean density did not reach the
Page 102 and 103: The golden rule for minimizing nega
Page 104 and 105: ALEXANDROVA, V. G.; ALEXANDROVA, O.
Page 106 and 107: BOLTEN, A. B.; FEINSINGER, P.; BAKE
Page 108 and 109: CARTER, C.; HEALY, R.; O´TOOL, N.
Page 112 and 113: DZIKOWSKI, B. Studia nad soja Glyci
Page 114 and 115: FERRERES, F.; ANDRADE, P.; GIL, M.
Page 116 and 117: GALLAI, N.; SALLES, J. M.; SETTELE,
Page 118 and 119: GONZÁLEZ-TEUBER, M.; HEIL, M. The
Page 120 and 121: HEIL, M.; GONZÁLEZ-TEUBER, M.; CLE
Page 122 and 123: IVANOFF, S. S. KEITT, G. W. Relatio
Page 124 and 125: KLEIN, A. M.; STEFFAN-DEWENTER, I.;
Page 126 and 127: LINSKENS, H. F.; PFAHLER, P. L.; KN
Page 128 and 129: MOFFETT, J. O.; STITH, L. S. Honeyb
Page 130 and 131: PAMPLIN, R. A. The anatomical devel
Page 132 and 133: RADHIKA, V.; KOST, C.; BOLAND, W.;
Page 134 and 135: RUHLMANN, J. M.; KRAM, B. W.; CARTE
Page 136 and 137: TAKAHASHI, R.; MATSUMURA, H.; OYOO,
Page 138 and 139: VOGEL, S. Flowers offering fatty oi
Page 140 and 141: WIST, T. J.; DAVIS, A. R. Floral ne
Page 143 and 144: GLOSSARY Abaxial: Facing away from
Page 145 and 146: Megaspores: In angiosperms, one of
Page 147 and 148: Synergid: One of two small cells ly
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