Designing Ecological Habitats - Gaia Education

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94 <strong>Designing</strong> ecological <strong>Habitats</strong> Each building becomes a unique creation, an unreproducible work of art appearing at an unrepeatable juncture of time and space. Bricks and Blocks A step up from the adobe earth brick is to include a greater percentage of clay, and fire the bricks, turning the material into a kind of stone. By adding cement and other materials, you can skip the firing and use the chemical hardening process instead. Ordinary bricks are standard sized, but you still need skill and experience to lay good walls. Building blocks are typically much larger, and shaped for things like corners, strengthening courses and door or window surrounds. Making your own cement blocks is pretty easy. In the 1960s the Appropriate Technology folks developed a lever operated press to make bricks from earth with a small percentage of cement added. The Cinva Ram, as it is called, has decades of experience behind it and tens of thousands of homes have been built with it. Tiles and Pottery Tiles for roofing can be made in the same way. Fired tiles are waterproof, and will last for hundreds of years. Glass Some modern windows are very high tech, very expensive, and efficiently minimise heat loss. At that end of the range, with aluminium alloy frames, triple plated, vacuum spaced, possibly photo sensitive glass, you need to consider the embodied energy and the processes that go into the components. At the other end of the range, scavenging windows and frames from houses
uilDing witH wHat you Have 95 about to be demolished, you can find the cheapest and most environmentally friendly solution. Get hold of the windows before building the house, so that you can plan the window sizes right from the start. Metals Today we use a wide range of metals in our houses, both for structural purposes, and fittings and connections. They are precious resources, mined, heavily processed and often transported far, with all the embodied energy problems that this entails. On the other hand, with careful forethought they can often be recycled quite effectively, and that has an enormous bearing upon the energy use. It is worth bearing in mind that certain metals have health hazards. Lead in pipes and in paint is perhaps most well known, but there are many others: mercury, nickel, zinc, silver, arsenic, etc. Timber Untreated timber is clean, can be shaped with fairly simple hand or power tools, can be fitted together with joints or pegs, usually ages well, and can be recycled in many ways when we have finished with the building. Various kinds of timber behave differently, some withstand water by their very nature, some split easily giving us shingles for the roof. Others again are soft and easily worked into decorative elements. They come in many colours and often with delightful graining. Combinations of different timbers can be a real joy to live amongst. Timber treated with arsenic to avoid fungus rot is highly toxic. Grass and Stuff Canes, reeds, bamboo, grasses and straw all belong together. Straw houses are as old as the earliest shelter building. Examples of vernacular architecture from other parts of the world include mudhifs of Iraq made of reeds, Balinese bamboo houses and the reed shelters used around Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. Straw Bales (SB) Modern strawbale houses have been standing for nearly a century already. The original load bearing construction of the Nebraska SB Our buildings can once again become the reserve of fine craftsman, as in this impeccably notched cabin in Norway. This kind of skill cannot be mass produced.
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Ecological Key Editors E Christophe
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First edition © 2011 Gaia Educatio
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iv 2 Local Food Healthy Soil Restor
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vi The Editors In the midst of a sp
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viii Designing ecological Habitats
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x Designing ecological Habitats are
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World-renowned ecovillage designer
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4 Designing ecological Habitats and
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6 Designing ecological Habitats One
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This Introduction section provides
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12 Designing ecological Habitats 1.
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Albert Bates, founder of the Ecovil
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With the inclusion of Declan Kenned
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Page 66 and 67: Dr. Matthew Hardy introduces Module
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Page 92 and 93: Roshni Udyavar takes us to India wi
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Page 98 and 99: Elke Cole knows what it takes to bu
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Page 112 and 113: This article on soil restoration be
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Page 136 and 137: For permaculture connoisseur Maddy
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Page 154 and 155: This lead article for Module 3 was
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John Vermeulen and Kevin Velasco, f
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Existing conversations about approp
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There are many ways to approach Mod
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MODuLE 4 Restoring Nature Contents
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Designing witH Deep respect: Deep e
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environmental restoration in aurovi
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environmental restoration in aurovi
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Introduction Sajini Pathiraja, from
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Damniyamgama eco-village : sustaina
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trees, water anD people : rebuilDin
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Impact, Recovery & Conservation of
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impact, recovery anD conservation o
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impact, recovery anD conservation o
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Incorporating Earth Energy into the
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incorporating eartH energy into tHe
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Body as Place: A Somatic Guide to R
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oDy as place : a somatic guiDe to r
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oDy as place : a somatic guiDe to r
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MODuLE 5 Integrated Ecological Desi
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tHe etHics anD principles of permac
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integral ecology: Design principles
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macro to micro: introDucing ecosoci
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agroecology anD ecovillages 259 Thi
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agroecology anD ecovillages 261 it
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World-renowned speaker and entrepre
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Design witH tHe flow 265 Imagine th
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Design witH tHe flow 267 Some of th
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a Design framework 269 characterist
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a Design framework 271 climatic fac
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During a recent study called ‘Con
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“ecology of consciousness” 275
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“ecology of consciousness” 277
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Gaia education Designing Ecological
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