Designing Ecological Habitats - Gaia Education

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246 Designing ecological Habitats The Four Quadrants and Twelve Niches of Daylighting. C O L L E C T I V E I N D I V I D U A L I N T E R I O R E X T E R I O R TERRAIN OF EXPERIENCES TERRAIN OF BEHAVIORS [L3] Pneuma: Spiritual Realization • Experience of subtle or spiritual aspects of light • Mystical light & enlightenment • Experiencing Inner Light [L2] Psyche: Psychological Dynamics • Environmental psychology of light • Phenomenology of light • Aesthetics, beauty, poetics of light [L1] Soma: Body Feelings • Physical sensations of sunlight and daylight • Archetypal responses (diurnal, seasonal) • Experiences of delight, comfort, health & well-being Upper Left (UL) I IT Upper Right (UR) Lower Left (LL) [L3] Commonwealth: Compassionate Perspectives • Perspectives on nature • Cosmology & light • Spiritual / religious symbolism and interpretation WE [L2] Community: Shared Horizons • Values for daylight & conservation • Ethics of light (right-to-light, and healthy places) • Building cultures & pattern languages of daylight [L1] Communion: Shared Cultural Practices • Daylight savings time • Rituals of light (celebrations, seasonal holidays, lighting candles, sunsets, bonfires) • Meaning of characteristics of light and dark (positive & negative) [L3] Skillful-means: Effective Actions • Models for sustainable action • Designing healing environments • Building transfiguration (alchemy of light) [L2] Action: Intentional Conduct • Dynamics modeling & simulation (quantitative & qualitative) • Technological systems, constructions, codes • Architectonic systems & spatial order with light [L1] Movement: Physical Behaviors • Physics of light in buildings • Biology of vision • Physiological response to light and visual comfort Lower Right (LR) TERRAIN OF CULTURES TERRAIN OF SYSTEMS [L3] Matrices: Subtle Systems • Effect of light on subtle energy patterns • Color properties of Inner Light • Alexander's Field of Centers [L2] Institutions: Social Systems • Urban planning for light access, politics • Education, building & energy codes • Social activity patterns (work schedules, programming, etc.) [L1] Interaction: Natural Systems • Ecological impacts and fitness of architectural daylight • Bioregional & contextual response • Complex building systems integration Figure 11.4: The Four Quadrants and component, but too often Twelve remains Niches silent of Daylighting concerning other important dimensions. To overcome this fragmentation, Integral Ecology provides a way of weaving all approaches into an environmental tapestry, an ‘ecology of ecologies’ that honors not just the physical ecology of systems and behaviors, but includes the cultural and intentional aspects as well – at all levels of organization. Thus, integral ecology is the study of the four terrains of the natural world at different levels of complexity. In addition, Integral Ecology takes into account the multiple worldviews within individuals, communities, and cultures, and their accompanying environmental perspectives – each with its specific forms of mutual understanding. Furthermore, Integral Ecology highlights that the environment and its various aspects are revealed differently depending on the ITS
integral ecology: Design principles for sustainable Human Habitats 247 C O L L E C T I V E I N D I V I D U A L I N T E R I O R E X T E R I O R UL: EXPERIENCE Individual-Interior: Self and Consciousness The invisible subjective interior reality of an individual Intention: Rich, full-sensory experiences. Facilitate individual development to higher levels of ecological self. Provide opportunities to relate to nature at each level. Areas Addressed: Human experience of landscapes, ecological education, ecological aesthetics, landscape and urban aesthetics, environmental psychology, personal identity, 1st-person phenomenology. Tools: Integral aesthetic awareness of the designer, role-taking, design for nearby nature, access to natural recreation, visual impact assessment, view-shed analysis, environmental education, and educational landscapes. LL: CULTURE Collective-Interior: Meaning and Worldviews The invisible, intersubjective, internal realities of groups Intention: Come to agreement on how to design and live with nature. Manifest rich symbolic human-ecological relationships. Areas Addressed: Civic dialogue, fitness to cultural context, cultural regionalism, sense of place, Genius Loci, historical and cultural landscapes, collective values, meaning of form languages, ideas of and relationships to nature(s). Tools: Charettes, community visioning, public input processes. Pattern Languages of the building culture, multiple intelligence communication, visual preference surveys, symbolic design languages, civic design, urban design with nature for community identity, shared knowledge bases. UR: BEHAVIOR Individual-Exterior: Organism and Part The visible, objective, external reality of an individual Intention: Settle the land with minimum impact and maximum health. Conserve resources and reduce flows to environmental sinks. Areas Addressed: Resource conservation and efficiency, reducing water and air pollution, habitat conservation, farmland, wetland, and forest preservation. Tools: Best Management Practices (BMPs), ecological monitoring, performance standards such as TMDL, conventional engineering, flood zones, stream buffers, slope protection rules, conservation easements, NRCS techniques, urban forestry. I IT WE LR: SYSTEMS Collective-Exterior: Social Systems and Environment The visible, interobjective, external realities of groups Intention: Fit settlement pattern to natural pattern using principles of ecological order Making cities work like nature. Areas Addressed: Bio-regionalism, spatial pattern of habitat, ecological restoration, greenway and park networks, ground-surface water system, pedestrian-bicycle networks, building-transit-open space patterns. Tools: GIS landscape analysis, urban design, zoning, including special historic, cultural and environmental overlays, comprehensive planning, site review processes, design guidelines, development and building codes. Pattern Languages, land trusts, parks foundations, Low Impact Development (LID), Smart Growth, ecological engineering, science of landscape ecology, contextual thinking, network thinking. Figure 11.5: Green Infrastructure in the Four Quadrants mode of inquiry or methodology used to investigate it. As a result, Integral Ecology identifies eight methodological families that need to be utilized, on their own terms, for comprehensive knowledge of any given ecological reality. In short, Integral Ecology recognizes that different approaches to ecology and the environment are the result of a spectrum of perspectives (‘the who’) using a variety of methods (‘the how’) to explore different aspects of the four terrains of nature (‘the what’). Only by becoming increasingly aware of the who, how, and what of environmental issues can we truly integrate the multiple voices calling for a more just and ecologically friendly world. Only in such a world is there the capacity to generate sustainable solutions to complex multidimensional ITS Green Infrastructure in The Four Quadrants.
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Ecological Key Editors E Christophe
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First edition © 2011 Gaia Educatio
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iv 2 Local Food Healthy Soil Restor
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vi The Editors In the midst of a sp
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viii Designing ecological Habitats
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x Designing ecological Habitats are
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World-renowned ecovillage designer
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This Introduction section provides
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Albert Bates, founder of the Ecovil
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With the inclusion of Declan Kenned
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EcoVillage at Ithaca (EVI) has beco
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MODuLE 4 Restoring Nature Contents
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Designing witH Deep respect: Deep e
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Page 207 and 208: environmental restoration in aurovi
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Page 211 and 212: Introduction Sajini Pathiraja, from
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