Human Development Report 2016

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DASHBOARD 1 LIFE-COURSE GENDER GAP Childhood and youth Adulthood Older age DASH BOARD 1 Sex ratio Adolescent at birth a birth rate (male to female births) (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) Gross enrolment ratio, female Preprimary Primary Secondary (% of preschoolage female population) (% of primary school–age female population) (% of secondary school–age female population) Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio) HDI rank 2015 b 2015 b 2015 c 2015 c 2015 c 2015 2015 2005–2015 d 2015 2015 c 2014 e 2015 2015 b 2006–2013 d 50 Romania 1.06 34.6 91 95 94 1.02 31 0.93 0.74 44.6 31.2 12.0 30.3 0.88 51 Kuwait 1.04 9.8 80 103 99 0.91 4 0.98 0.77 .. 13.9 1.5 27.3 .. HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 52 Belarus 1.06 18.2 103 99 106 1.03 4 0.94 0.58 .. 46.3 29.2 29.3 .. 52 Oman 1.05 8.1 55 115 98 1.22 17 1.05 2.78 17.6 .. 8.2 30.8 .. 54 Barbados 1.04 40.7 86 94 111 1.09 27 1.03 1.06 .. 48.2 19.6 30.0 .. 54 Uruguay 1.05 56.1 70 108 100 1.10 15 1.07 1.52 48.7 43.9 19.2 33.2 1.04 56 Bulgaria 1.06 37.7 83 99 99 1.03 11 0.97 0.82 49.7 36.9 20.4 29.9 0.96 56 Kazakhstan 1.06 27.9 64 111 111 1.16 12 1.00 1.34 50.6 38.4 20.1 27.5 .. 58 Bahamas 1.06 29.6 .. 109 95 1.16 80 1.00 1.08 .. 51.6 16.7 32.2 .. 59 Malaysia 1.06 13.6 .. .. .. 1.09 40 0.95 1.17 39.3 25.0 13.2 28.8 .. 60 Palau .. .. 77 112 117 .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.3 .. .. 60 Panama 1.05 74.5 72 104 78 1.14 94 1.06 1.56 44.6 46.0 18.3 34.1 0.59 62 Antigua and Barbuda 1.03 44.8 72 93 103 .. .. .. .. .. .. 25.7 31.1 .. 63 Seychelles 1.06 57.4 93 105 75 .. .. .. .. 55.1 .. 43.8 30.5 1.00 64 Mauritius 1.04 28.5 104 104 99 1.21 53 0.92 2.30 41.2 23.1 11.6 30.6 1.00 65 Trinidad and Tobago 1.04 31.5 .. 104 .. 1.26 63 1.03 1.41 .. 43.5 31.5 28.5 .. 66 Costa Rica 1.05 56.5 53 110 124 1.15 25 1.01 1.44 43.0 35.2 33.3 33.9 0.75 66 Serbia 1.05 19.0 59 101 95 1.04 17 0.90 1.12 47.0 32.7 34.0 29.5 0.93 68 Cuba 1.06 45.6 99 96 101 1.03 39 0.97 1.28 44.8 .. 48.9 33.3 .. 69 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1.05 26.7 42 112 88 1.17 25 0.95 2.04 16.0 13.3 3.1 28.8 .. 70 Georgia 1.10 39.7 .. 118 100 1.04 36 0.99 0.76 47.3 34.0 11.3 30.6 .. 71 Turkey 1.05 27.6 27 107 99 1.13 16 0.67 1.33 27.5 10.0 14.9 31.7 .. 71 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1.05 79.4 73 100 95 1.16 95 1.12 1.20 43.7 .. 17.0 31.1 0.72 73 Sri Lanka 1.04 14.8 95 100 102 1.32 30 1.00 2.37 27.1 28.4 4.9 30.5 .. 74 Saint Kitts and Nevis .. .. 92 84 93 .. .. .. .. .. .. 13.3 .. 0.77 75 Albania 1.08 21.7 87 111 93 0.93 29 1.00 0.84 44.7 22.5 20.7 32.5 0.61 76 Lebanon 1.05 12.4 82 93 68 1.07 15 0.96 1.94 .. 8.4 3.1 32.9 .. 77 Mexico 1.05 62.8 70 103 93 1.07 38 0.95 1.06 40.1 30.7 40.6 32.3 0.50 78 Azerbaijan 1.14 59.8 24 105 102 1.11 25 0.96 1.39 42.7 7.1 16.9 28.5 0.96 79 Brazil 1.05 67.0 86 107 106 1.26 44 1.07 1.65 47.7 37.5 10.8 31.4 0.92 79 Grenada 1.05 30.5 88 102 101 .. 27 .. .. .. .. 25.0 28.5 .. 81 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.06 8.6 14 100 90 1.01 11 0.79 1.12 36.2 .. 19.3 30.6 .. 82 The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 1.05 17.6 29 85 81 0.96 8 0.72 0.93 43.0 27.9 33.3 29.2 .. 83 Algeria 1.05 10.6 79 115 102 1.15 140 0.96 1.95 19.2 10.6 25.7 31.1 .. 84 Armenia 1.13 23.0 60 .. .. 1.15 25 1.00 1.26 47.5 21.5 10.7 30.8 .. 84 Ukraine 1.06 24.1 103 105 98 0.95 24 0.98 0.71 50.8 37.8 12.1 28.7 .. 86 Jordan 1.05 23.2 31 88 86 1.19 58 0.95 2.13 .. .. 11.6 28.8 0.14 87 Peru 1.05 49.1 88 101 96 1.04 68 0.84 1.25 37.1 29.7 22.3 31.2 0.63 87 Thailand 1.06 44.6 73 104 89 1.12 20 0.89 0.91 45.6 25.1 6.1 31.1 1.09 89 Ecuador 1.05 75.9 62 113 106 1.31 64 0.98 1.61 38.5 39.7 41.6 32.6 0.92 90 China 1.16 7.3 82 104 95 0.94 27 0.88 0.79 37.7 16.8 23.6 29.5 .. 91 Fiji 1.06 44.8 .. 106 93 1.23 30 1.11 1.78 .. 23.8 16.0 26.8 .. 92 Mongolia 1.03 15.7 86 101 92 1.06 44 1.04 1.04 50.2 47.4 14.5 27.9 1.00 92 Saint Lucia 1.03 53.9 67 .. 86 1.39 48 1.15 1.77 .. 46.1 20.7 31.3 0.81 94 Jamaica 1.05 59.7 108 .. 72 1.28 89 1.13 1.80 .. .. 16.7 32.1 .. 95 Colombia 1.05 50.2 55 112 103 1.28 64 0.84 1.72 46.5 53.1 20.9 31.1 0.65 96 Dominica .. .. 82 118 100 .. .. .. .. .. .. 21.9 .. .. 97 Suriname 1.07 46.1 96 118 89 1.61 155 1.02 2.79 .. 35.8 25.5 28.5 .. 97 Tunisia 1.05 6.8 43 111 94 1.02 62 0.75 1.52 .. .. 31.3 30.1 .. 99 Dominican Republic 1.05 97.9 45 96 82 1.43 92 1.03 2.46 48.6 37.0 19.1 31.4 0.38 99 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.03 51.0 70 103 103 1.13 45 .. 0.94 .. .. 13.0 29.1 .. 101 Tonga 1.05 15.2 38 107 94 1.20 124 1.00 2.07 .. .. 0.0 29.3 .. 102 Libya 1.06 6.2 .. .. .. 1.20 9 1.48 1.73 .. .. 16.0 28.3 .. 103 Belize 1.03 65.9 51 109 82 1.55 28 1.01 2.61 43.4 41.3 13.3 26.7 .. 104 Samoa 1.08 25.0 39 106 92 1.14 51 1.11 1.30 37.6 36.3 6.1 29.9 .. Maternal mortality ratio Population with at least some secondary education (deaths per 100,000 (female to live births) male ratio) Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio) Share of paid employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total paid employment in nonagriculture) Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) Share of seats in parliament (% held by women) Life expectancy at age 50, female (years) Old-age pension recipients (female to male ratio) 260 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Human Development for Everyone Childhood and youth Adulthood Older age Sex ratio Adolescent at birth a birth rate (male to female births) (births per 1,000 women ages 15–19) Gross enrolment ratio, female Preprimary Primary Secondary (% of preschoolage female population) (% of primary school–age female population) (% of secondary school–age female population) Youth unemployment rate (female to male ratio) HDI rank 2015 b 2015 b 2015 c 2015 c 2015 c 2015 2015 2005–2015 d 2015 2015 c 2014 e 2015 2015 b 2006–2013 d 105 Maldives 1.09 6.7 .. .. .. 0.93 68 1.11 1.43 40.4 14.3 5.9 29.0 .. 105 Uzbekistan 1.06 17.7 25 96 95 1.05 36 1.00 1.00 .. .. 16.4 28.0 .. MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 107 Moldova (Republic of) 1.06 22.6 83 93 88 0.83 23 0.98 0.67 56.1 44.1 21.8 27.9 1.21 108 Botswana 1.03 32.3 18 107 86 1.16 129 0.98 1.34 .. 38.6 9.5 25.7 1.00 109 Gabon 1.03 99.9 38 140 .. 1.16 291 1.36 2.00 .. .. 16.0 26.9 .. 110 Paraguay 1.05 57.4 38 104 79 1.27 132 0.98 1.62 42.8 33.8 16.8 30.4 0.80 111 Egypt 1.06 51.9 30 104 86 1.30 33 0.80 3.03 18.2 7.1 2.2 g 26.7 0.13 111 Turkmenistan 1.05 16.4 62 89 84 1.04 42 .. 0.99 .. .. 25.8 26.8 .. 113 Indonesia 1.05 49.6 59 104 82 1.06 126 0.83 1.22 35.8 23.2 17.1 26.0 .. 114 Palestine, State of 1.05 58.6 51 95 86 1.07 45 0.92 1.22 16.9 9.9 .. 28.3 .. 115 Viet Nam 1.11 38.6 80 109 .. 1.10 54 0.83 1.07 43.1 .. 24.3 33.6 .. 116 Philippines 1.06 61.7 .. 117 93 1.07 114 1.04 0.92 41.3 54.8 27.1 26.4 .. 117 El Salvador 1.05 65.2 73 110 81 0.98 54 0.88 0.58 37.0 37.1 32.1 31.1 0.33 118 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 1.05 70.8 63 .. 84 1.20 206 0.84 1.55 .. 35.1 51.8 30.0 1.00 119 South Africa 1.03 45.5 76 97 104 1.07 138 0.97 1.18 45.7 31.3 41.2 h 24.5 .. 120 Kyrgyzstan 1.06 39.6 25 107 91 1.14 76 1.00 1.30 42.3 35.2 19.2 28.0 1.00 121 Iraq 1.07 84.0 .. .. .. 1.14 50 0.65 1.81 15.4 .. 26.5 26.9 .. 122 Cabo Verde 1.03 73.4 70 110 99 1.33 42 .. 1.36 .. .. 20.8 i 28.3 0.88 123 Morocco 1.06 31.7 53 113 64 0.98 121 0.77 1.05 21.5 12.8 15.7 28.4 .. 124 Nicaragua 1.05 88.8 59 123 79 1.14 150 1.04 1.04 .. 41.0 41.3 31.8 0.38 125 Guatemala 1.05 80.7 66 102 62 1.20 88 1.03 1.26 38.6 .. 13.9 30.7 0.57 125 Namibia 1.03 76.8 22 110 .. 1.11 265 0.98 1.22 .. 42.8 37.7 26.1 .. 127 Guyana 1.05 88.0 93 84 89 1.22 229 1.28 1.70 .. .. 30.4 24.4 1.00 127 Micronesia (Federated States of) 1.07 15.0 .. 97 .. .. 100 .. .. .. .. 0.0 26.1 .. 129 Tajikistan 1.05 38.1 10 98 83 0.90 32 1.11 0.85 .. .. 14.7 29.1 0.75 130 Honduras 1.05 65.0 48 108 74 1.30 129 1.07 1.48 41.7 .. 25.8 31.8 0.42 131 India 1.11 24.5 9 117 69 1.01 174 0.58 1.14 .. 13.8 12.2 26.6 .. 132 Bhutan 1.04 21.4 18 103 87 1.08 148 0.43 1.60 26.3 17.0 8.3 27.3 .. 133 Timor-Leste 1.05 46.6 17 136 76 1.28 215 .. 1.61 .. 10.3 38.5 26.0 1.00 134 Vanuatu 1.07 43.1 97 122 59 1.06 78 .. 1.31 .. 28.5 0.0 27.7 .. 135 Congo 1.03 117.7 14 115 51 1.08 442 0.90 1.20 .. .. 11.5 26.4 0.11 135 Equatorial Guinea 1.03 108.7 68 84 .. 1.10 342 .. 1.11 .. .. 19.7 25.1 .. 137 Kiribati 1.07 17.2 .. 115 .. .. 90 .. .. .. 36.5 8.7 25.9 .. 138 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 1.05 64.1 31 113 55 0.78 197 0.71 0.75 .. .. 25.0 25.3 .. 139 Bangladesh 1.05 83.0 32 115 61 1.03 176 0.95 1.15 .. 5.4 20.0 27.6 .. 139 Ghana 1.05 66.8 122 110 69 1.12 319 0.76 1.14 .. .. 10.9 23.9 .. 139 Zambia 1.03 90.4 .. 104 .. 0.96 224 1.07 1.02 .. .. 12.7 26.1 .. 142 Sao Tome and Principe 1.03 84.3 54 111 89 1.13 156 0.69 1.35 .. 24.4 18.2 27.0 .. 143 Cambodia 1.05 51.6 18 113 .. 0.79 161 0.50 0.63 38.7 21.0 19.0 26.0 .. 144 Nepal 1.07 71.9 84 141 70 0.81 258 0.58 0.81 .. 18.3 29.5 26.3 .. 145 Myanmar 1.03 16.5 24 98 52 1.10 178 1.36 1.17 .. .. 13.0 25.5 .. 146 Kenya 1.03 90.9 73 112 65 1.03 510 0.82 1.35 35.7 .. 20.8 26.3 .. 147 Pakistan 1.09 38.7 66 86 37 1.12 178 0.57 2.16 11.1 3.0 20.0 26.2 .. LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 148 Swaziland 1.03 70.4 26 108 62 1.02 389 0.90 1.16 .. .. 14.7 24.1 .. 149 Syrian Arab Republic 1.05 39.4 6 79 51 1.25 68 0.80 3.27 16.3 9.2 12.4 29.7 .. 150 Angola 1.03 164.3 94 100 23 1.08 477 .. 1.21 .. .. 36.8 23.5 .. 151 Tanzania (United Republic of) 1.03 118.6 33 87 31 1.22 398 0.66 1.88 36.4 16.5 36.0 26.9 .. 152 Nigeria 1.06 110.6 13 81 41 1.27 814 .. 1.25 .. .. 5.8 21.2 .. 153 Cameroon 1.03 104.6 35 107 52 1.20 596 0.83 1.42 .. .. 27.1 24.1 0.29 154 Papua New Guinea 1.08 54.8 .. 109 35 1.08 215 0.60 1.30 .. .. 2.7 23.7 .. 154 Zimbabwe 1.02 109.7 43 99 47 1.12 443 0.80 1.37 36.6 .. 35.1 24.7 .. 156 Solomon Islands 1.07 48.4 98 112 47 1.00 114 .. 1.03 .. .. 2.0 25.9 .. 157 Mauritania 1.05 78.6 4 101 29 1.19 602 0.47 1.22 .. .. 22.2 25.2 .. 158 Madagascar 1.03 116.2 14 147 38 1.13 353 .. 1.67 37.3 25.1 20.5 25.4 .. Maternal mortality ratio Population with at least some secondary education (deaths per 100,000 (female to live births) male ratio) Total unemployment rate (female to male ratio) Share of paid employment in nonagriculture, female (% of total paid employment in nonagriculture) Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total) Share of seats in parliament (% held by women) Life expectancy at age 50, female (years) Old-age pension recipients (female to male ratio) DASH BOARD 1 DASHBOARD 1 Life-course gender gap | 261
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Human Development Report 2016 Human
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Contents Foreword Acknowledgements
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2.5 In the United States the Human
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Infographic 1 Human development for
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FIGURE 1 Human development — the
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Closing the human development gaps
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FIGURE 3 Women are discriminated ag
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Voice and autonomy, as parts of fre
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FIGURE 5 National policies to care
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Because half of humanity is not enj
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Pursuing measures for groups with s
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are more indirect ways of accuratel
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The time has come to examine the re
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SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION Peace in Colom
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Chapter 1 Human development — ach
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1. Human Development Report 2016 Hu
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FIGURE 1.1 Regional trends in Human
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technology and create value can thr
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0.63 in 2010, driven by declining i
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BOX 1.3 Insights based on horizonta
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in 2013, 453 million people — 190
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56 million people are trapped in a
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1 billion people worldwide lack acc
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people — access to dynamic price
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including the United Nations. 184 A
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gas emissions are now covered by ca
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FIGURE 1.10 Analytical links betwee
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Infographic 2.1 Barriers to univers
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One of the main challenges of pract
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The deprivations facing women are t
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Viewing the nation as the primary u
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Gender disparities in human develop
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FIGURE 2.4 Variations in Human Deve
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BOX 2.4 Limitations in opportunitie
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BOX 2.5 Disadvantages facing migran
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FIGURE 2.6 Since the 1990s attitude
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People are living longer but also s
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Epidemics, violence, climate change
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FIGURE 2.8 Deprivations among women
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Fulfilling basic needs is an essent
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Whether intentional or unintentiona
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Legal and political institutions ca
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Extreme inequality and the concentr
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Chapter 3 Reaching everyone— anal
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Human Development 3. Report 2016 Hu
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and participation are both a means
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Human decisionmaking — to be exam
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SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION How important
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value. This absence can be a seriou
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Somalia’s 2012 National Human Dev
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BOX 3.4 Test score methods for asse
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FIGURE 3.4 The trend in nonincome H
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FIGURE 3.5 Human development indica
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Chapter 4 Caring for those left out
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Human Development 4. Report 2016 Hu
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BOX 4.1 The Global Deal — a tripl
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of Ouagadougou’s nearly 2 million
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Providing autonomy to local governm
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care centres, afterschool programme
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young people with the skills needed
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to improve the governance, institut
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made a difference is in women’s r
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SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION The world has
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BOX 4.12 Providing work to Syrian r
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occurred at the beginning of 2015 i
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Addressing climate change Climate c
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BOX 4.17 Mainstreaming the poverty-
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FIGURE 4.5 Many countries have not
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BOX 4.20 Right to information — a
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Infographic 5.1 Challenges and refo
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Collective decisions shape global i
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The current architecture of interna
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The rules that govern international
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BOX 5.4 Bilateral investment treati
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Global social movements have spotli
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Macroeconomic coordination among la
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Since displacement lasts on average
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Today’s new realities and aspirat
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FIGURE 5.6 Developing countries wou
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The existing multilateral instituti
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SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION Preventing vio
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The transformation of global instit
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Infographic 6.1 Human development f
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FIGURE 6.1 Reaching everyone — ti
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The Sustainable Development Goals,
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BOX 6.3 The New York Declaration
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Notes Overview 1 UNFPA 2014. 2 Unit
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134 Darrow and Tomas 2005; Johnson
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References Abadeer, A.S.Z. 2015. No
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Dreher, A., J. Sturm and J. Vreelan
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Washington, Seattle. www.healthdata
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McGinn, K.L., M.R. Castro and E.L.
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2016. United Nations Development Pr
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———. 2016g. “Legal Aid Serv
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———. 2016b. “Passing and Im
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Human Development Reports 1990-2016
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Readers guide The 17 statistical ta
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Human
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Human development composite indices
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Page 223 and 224: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016 Human
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Page 236 and 237: TABLE 7 Population trends Total Pop
Page 238 and 239: TABLE 7 POPULATION TRENDS Total Pop
Page 240 and 241: TABLE 8 Health outcomes TABLE 8 Inf
Page 242 and 243: TABLE 8 HEALTH OUTCOMES TABLE 8 Inf
Page 244 and 245: TABLE 9 Education achievements TABL
Page 246 and 247: TABLE 9 EDUCATION ACHIEVEMENTS TABL
Page 248 and 249: TABLE 10 National income and compos
Page 250 and 251: TABLE 10 NATIONAL INCOME AND COMPOS
Page 252 and 253: TABLE 11 Work and employment Employ
Page 254 and 255: TABLE 11 WORK AND EMPLOYMENT TABLE
Page 256 and 257: TABLE 12 Human security TABLE 12 Bi
Page 258 and 259: TABLE 12 HUMAN SECURITY TABLE 12 Bi
Page 260 and 261: TABLE 13 International integration
Page 262 and 263: TABLE 13 INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION
Page 264 and 265: TABLE 14 Supplementary indicators:
Page 266 and 267: TABLE 14 SUPPLEMENTARY INDICATORS:
Page 268 and 269: TABLE 15 Status of fundamental huma
Page 270 and 271: TABLE 15 STATUS OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMA
Page 272 and 273: Human development dashboards
Page 276 and 277: DASHBOARD 1 LIFE-COURSE GENDER GAP
Page 278 and 279: DASHBOARD 2 Sustainable development
Page 280 and 281: DASHBOARD 2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Page 282 and 283: DASHBOARD 2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Page 284 and 285: Statistical references Barro, R.J.,
Page 286: United Nations Development Programm
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