Human Development Report 2016

FIGURE 2.6
Since the 1990s attitudes towards the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex community have
become more tolerant, and the number of antidiscrimination laws has increased
% of the population that does not want homosexuals as neighbours
70
No antidiscrimination laws
Antidiscrimination laws approved
60
Country group I
No antidiscrimination laws
50
40
30
Country group II
Antidiscrimination laws
approved in the 2010s
Country group III
Antidiscrimination laws
approved in the 2000s
20
10
1990s 2000s 2010s
Country group IV
Antidiscrimination laws
approved in the 1990s
Source: Human Development Report Office estimates based on ILGA (2016a) and WVSA (2016).
Deprivations suffered
in old age are generally
accumulated through
the lifecycle
particularly women, are also constrained by
psychological and physical abuse that reduces
their sense of security and dignity. A HelpAge
International study found that two-thirds of older
people who experience emotional, economic
and physical abuse in Moldova are women. 71
The general increase in life expectancy means
that older people have many healthy, productive
years ahead of them. In 2014, 11 percent of
entrepreneurs in the United States were in the
55–64 age group. 72 Many older people are still
capable and willing to work, and many need
to continue working if adequate retirement
schemes are not in place. But hiring practices
that discriminate against older people limit
their opportunities for work, and a mandatory
retirement age may force older people to leave
the labour market.
Deprivations suffered in old age are generally
accumulated through the lifecycle. Children
in poorer households may suffer from malnutrition,
have poorer health, have less schooling
and end up in a low-skilled, low-paid job
without health insurance or retirement benefits.
In the United Kingdom people in wealthier
neighbourhoods live six years longer than
people in poor neighbourhoods and spend 13
more years without disability. 73
Persons with disabilities
Physical and social barriers may deprive persons
with disabilities of the chance to achieve
their full life potential. Special facilities allow
persons with disabilities, older people and
other groups with limited mobility to fully
participate in public life. Although around 1
billion people worldwide live with some form
of disability, adequate infrastructure for persons
with disabilities is still underdeveloped, making
independent mobility a challenge for many. 74
Remote rural areas present severe mobility challenges.
Additional impediments may remain
even when infrastructure is in place — such as
discriminatory hiring practices that limit access
to jobs for persons with disabilities .
66 | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2016