atw Vol. 63 (2018) | Issue 5 ı May
280
ABSTRACTS | ENGLISH
Yucca Mountain: Can the US Finally End
the $12 Billion Impasse?
NucNet | Page 282
A US federal advisory panel recently took a step in
what could be a lengthy process to determine if a
deep geological nuclear waste repository should
finally be built at Yucca Mountain, a project that has
been on the drawing board since the 1970s at a cost
of around $ 12 bn (€ 9.7 bn).
Detective Application Security Controls
for Nuclear Safety
Deeksha Gupta, Karl Waedt and Yuan Gao | Page 285
The current Draft Nuclear IEC 63096 New Work
Item Proposal (NWIP), a new downstream standard
of IEC 62645, distinguishes between preventive,
detective and corrective security controls. The focus
of this paper is on resilient detective cybersecurity
controls that are needed especially for high security
degrees in the context of Advanced Persistent
Threats (APTs). The approach is fully in line with
Nuclear IEC 62859 that provides requirements
on coordinating safety and cybersecurity. The
recommendations on separating selected detective
security controls from the process control software
can be achieved by avoiding an increased complexity
and the possibility of retroactions of security
measures on safety related functionality.
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
of the European Union – What Had to Be
Considered until 25 May 2018
Stefan Loubichi | Page 289
With the General Data Protection Regulation
( GDPR) of the European Union there will be the
beginning of a new chapter in history of data protection.
With the beginning of May 25, 2018 we will
have harmonized regulations in the European
Union. With penalties up to 20 million euros and
imprisonment up to 3 years, the data protection will
have a high priority in future. In this essay we
present the subject-matter and objectives, material
and territorial scope and the principles relating to
processing of personal data. The GDPR presents a
sustainable change in data protection. For years to
come, this will lay the foundation for trust in data
protection in Europe.
The New Radiation Protection Law:
May Makes Everything New?
Ulrike Feldmann | Page 296
Last summer, a radiation protection law was
launched for the first time in Germany. The Federal
Government was obliged to implement the revised
version of the basic European radiation protection
Directive and emphasised the importance of
radiation protection by ranking it into a law. This
law now has to be filled with “life” at the level of
ordinances, so that it can be applied in practice. The
deadline for implementing the Directive always
expired on 6 February 2018.
Continuous Process of Safety Enhancement
in Operation of Czech VVER Units
J. Duspiva, E. Hofmann, J. Holy, P. Kral
and M. Patrik | Page 299
A continuous process of a safety enhancement of
VVER units in the Czech Republic is briefly described
including a presentation of important milestones
and examples of particular safety measures already
implemented. A special attention is given to the
evaluation and implementation of safety measures
following stress tests recommendations and R&D
activities supporting this process. As examples an
implementation of the “design extension condition
without core melt” concept and various activities
related to severe accident mitigation strategies are
presented in the more detailed way.
Applications of Underwater-Robotics
in Nuclear Power Plants
Gunnar Fenzel, Dr. Dietmar Nieder
and Alexandra Sykora | Page 305
Cutting and packing of the reactor pressure
vessel (RPV) is one important step during decommissioning
of nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is
the objective of the research project Automated
Cutting of Reactor Pressure Vessels Internals Using
Underwater-Robotics (AZURo) to (semi-) automate
frequently repeated activities by an underwater
robot.
This joint research project was sponsored by the
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF). It was executed together with Fraunhofer
Einrichtung für Gießerei-, Composite- und Verarbeitungstechnik
IGCV. The project AZURo started in
2012 and was finished in 2016.
360 Degree Area Atlas
in the Biblis Nuclear Power Plant
Jürgen Kircher | Page 308
The operation and the dismantling of decommissioned
nuclear power plants is a technical
challenge. It must be fully documented. A helpful
tool for operation and dismantling is the so-called
spatial atlas. The atlas provides the rooms in the
nuclear power plants in high-resolution 360° HDR
images and technical circumstances resulting
therefrom may be deduced.
ELINDER – European Learning Initiatives
for Nuclear Decommissioning and
Environmental Remediation
Pierre Kockerols, Hans Günther Schneider
and Daniela Santopolo | Page 309
The decommissioning of nuclear facilities is an
industrial activity that is expected to grow worldwide,
creating many attractive career opportunities.
European industry has acquired know-how and
today Europe can position itself at the top level in the
world decommissioning market. However, in view of
the expected expansion of the activities, efforts are
necessary to share and enhance the underpinning
knowledge, skills and competences and to ensure the
availability of the necessary workforce in the future.
JRC and partners in the EU decommissioning field
have launched a project to consolidate and improve
existing training programmes. The joint training
programme project is called ‘ELINDER’ (European
Learning Initiatives for Nuclear Decommissioning
and Environmental Remediation) and is implemented
from 2018 onwards.
The New CASTOR® geo – A Comprehensive
Solution For Transport and Storage of Spent
Nuclear Fuel, MOX and Damaged Fuel
Linus Bettermann and
Roland Hüggenberg | Page 312
Dry interim storage has become a common solution
for the disposal of spent fuel in recent years worldwide.
However, in particular the complete defueling
of NPP prior to decommissioning and dismantling
will dramatically increase the demand especially for
non-standard fuel. Here the new dry storage system
by GNS is presented for international markets with
its capability to also store MOX and damaged spent
fuel. The new CASTOR® geo cask system is a product
line based on standardized modules and components
featuring different cask dimensions and
basket designs.
Optimal Holistic Disposal Planning –
Development of a Calculation Tool
Johannes Schubert, Anton Philipp Anthofer
and Max Schreier | Page 316
The expected volume of radioactive waste from
dismantling of nuclear facilities in the forthcoming
scope and the opening of the Konrad disposal
requires an optimised planning of the removal of
radioactive waste. For the treatment of radioactive
raw waste, with negligible heat generation, different
conditioning processes are available. Thereby different
waste volumes and masses with different properties
can result even from the same raw waste. An
optimisation can be realised. The complex process
can be carried out by a calculation tool.
Scope for Thermal Dimensioning
of Disposal Facilities for High-level
Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel
Joachim Heierli, Helmut Hirsch
and Bruno Baltes | Page 319
The objective of final disposal of high-level radioactive
waste in deep geological formations is to
isolate the radionuclides from the accessible
biosphere for a sufficient period of time. To achieve
this, both the functionality and the integrity of the
disposal system must be assured under ambient
conditions that
depend both on the geological environment and
on engineering choices taken in the planning
of the facility. In particular, the amplitude of
the transient temperature increase caused by the
release of nuclear decay heat in the disposal area
is scalable through design strategies and thermal
dimensioning.
Heavy Ions Irradiation as a Tool
to Minimize the Number of In-Pile Tests
in UMo Fuel Development
H. Breitkreutz, J. Shi, R. Jungwirth,
T. Zweifel, H.-Y. Chiang and W. Petry | Page 325
Irradiation with heavy ions from an accelerator
source is an increasingly often used tool to quickly
reproduce and simulate certain effects of in-pile
irradiation tests, avoiding the complexity and high
costs of handling highly radioactive samples.
At the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratorium (MLL) of the
Technische Universität München (TUM), swift
heavy ions have been applied in the development of
Uranium-Molybdenum (UMo) based research
reactor fuels for more than 10 years. Since then, the
technique has been advanced from feasibility
over qualitative analysis to quantitative prediction,
including fission gas implantation.
Nuclear Newcomer Turkey and ‘Comeback
Kid’ Japan Show the Way Ahead
John Shepherd | Page 354
Around 20 years ago there was one story that
cropped up again and again: “Forget that – it will
never happen, they’ve been talking about it for
years.” The subject was Turkey and its desire to
build the country’s first nuclear power plant. But
today, first safety-related concrete was poured and
finally marked the start of construction of Turkey´s
first nuclear power plant in Akkuyu, with four units
planned. There was progress too on the international
nuclear front from Japan, where KEPCO
confirmed the restart of the third unit of its Ohi
nuclear power plant.
Abstracts | English
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