atw 2018-05v6
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<strong>atw</strong> Vol. 63 (<strong>2018</strong>) | Issue 5 ı May<br />
280<br />
ABSTRACTS | ENGLISH<br />
Yucca Mountain: Can the US Finally End<br />
the $12 Billion Impasse?<br />
NucNet | Page 282<br />
A US federal advisory panel recently took a step in<br />
what could be a lengthy process to determine if a<br />
deep geological nuclear waste repository should<br />
finally be built at Yucca Mountain, a project that has<br />
been on the drawing board since the 1970s at a cost<br />
of around $ 12 bn (€ 9.7 bn).<br />
Detective Application Security Controls<br />
for Nuclear Safety<br />
Deeksha Gupta, Karl Waedt and Yuan Gao | Page 285<br />
The current Draft Nuclear IEC 63096 New Work<br />
Item Proposal (NWIP), a new downstream standard<br />
of IEC 62645, distinguishes between preventive,<br />
detective and corrective security controls. The focus<br />
of this paper is on resilient detective cybersecurity<br />
controls that are needed especially for high security<br />
degrees in the context of Advanced Persistent<br />
Threats (APTs). The approach is fully in line with<br />
Nuclear IEC 62859 that provides requirements<br />
on coordinating safety and cybersecurity. The<br />
recommendations on separating selected detective<br />
security controls from the process control software<br />
can be achieved by avoiding an increased complexity<br />
and the possibility of retroactions of security<br />
measures on safety related functionality.<br />
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)<br />
of the European Union – What Had to Be<br />
Considered until 25 May <strong>2018</strong><br />
Stefan Loubichi | Page 289<br />
With the General Data Protection Regulation<br />
( GDPR) of the European Union there will be the<br />
beginning of a new chapter in history of data protection.<br />
With the beginning of May 25, <strong>2018</strong> we will<br />
have harmonized regulations in the European<br />
Union. With penalties up to 20 million euros and<br />
imprisonment up to 3 years, the data protection will<br />
have a high priority in future. In this essay we<br />
present the subject-matter and objectives, material<br />
and territorial scope and the principles relating to<br />
processing of personal data. The GDPR presents a<br />
sustainable change in data protection. For years to<br />
come, this will lay the foundation for trust in data<br />
protection in Europe.<br />
The New Radiation Protection Law:<br />
May Makes Everything New?<br />
Ulrike Feldmann | Page 296<br />
Last summer, a radiation protection law was<br />
launched for the first time in Germany. The Federal<br />
Government was obliged to implement the revised<br />
version of the basic European radiation protection<br />
Directive and emphasised the importance of<br />
radiation protection by ranking it into a law. This<br />
law now has to be filled with “life” at the level of<br />
ordinances, so that it can be applied in practice. The<br />
deadline for implementing the Directive always<br />
expired on 6 February <strong>2018</strong>.<br />
Continuous Process of Safety Enhancement<br />
in Operation of Czech VVER Units<br />
J. Duspiva, E. Hofmann, J. Holy, P. Kral<br />
and M. Patrik | Page 299<br />
A continuous process of a safety enhancement of<br />
VVER units in the Czech Republic is briefly described<br />
including a presentation of important milestones<br />
and examples of particular safety measures already<br />
implemented. A special attention is given to the<br />
evaluation and implementation of safety measures<br />
following stress tests recommendations and R&D<br />
activities supporting this process. As examples an<br />
implementation of the “design extension condition<br />
without core melt” concept and various activities<br />
related to severe accident mitigation strategies are<br />
presented in the more detailed way.<br />
Applications of Underwater-Robotics<br />
in Nuclear Power Plants<br />
Gunnar Fenzel, Dr. Dietmar Nieder<br />
and Alexandra Sykora | Page 305<br />
Cutting and packing of the reactor pressure<br />
vessel (RPV) is one important step during decommissioning<br />
of nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is<br />
the objective of the research project Automated<br />
Cutting of Reactor Pressure Vessels Internals Using<br />
Underwater-Robotics (AZURo) to (semi-) automate<br />
frequently repeated activities by an underwater<br />
robot.<br />
This joint research project was sponsored by the<br />
German Federal Ministry of Education and Research<br />
(BMBF). It was executed together with Fraunhofer<br />
Einrichtung für Gießerei-, Composite- und Verarbeitungstechnik<br />
IGCV. The project AZURo started in<br />
2012 and was finished in 2016.<br />
360 Degree Area Atlas<br />
in the Biblis Nuclear Power Plant<br />
Jürgen Kircher | Page 308<br />
The operation and the dismantling of decommissioned<br />
nuclear power plants is a technical<br />
challenge. It must be fully documented. A helpful<br />
tool for operation and dismantling is the so-called<br />
spatial atlas. The atlas provides the rooms in the<br />
nuclear power plants in high-resolution 360° HDR<br />
images and technical circumstances resulting<br />
therefrom may be deduced.<br />
ELINDER – European Learning Initiatives<br />
for Nuclear Decommissioning and<br />
Environmental Remediation<br />
Pierre Kockerols, Hans Günther Schneider<br />
and Daniela Santopolo | Page 309<br />
The decommissioning of nuclear facilities is an<br />
industrial activity that is expected to grow worldwide,<br />
creating many attractive career opportunities.<br />
European industry has acquired know-how and<br />
today Europe can position itself at the top level in the<br />
world decommissioning market. However, in view of<br />
the expected expansion of the activities, efforts are<br />
necessary to share and enhance the underpinning<br />
knowledge, skills and competences and to ensure the<br />
availability of the necessary workforce in the future.<br />
JRC and partners in the EU decommissioning field<br />
have launched a project to consolidate and improve<br />
existing training programmes. The joint training<br />
programme project is called ‘ELINDER’ (European<br />
Learning Initiatives for Nuclear Decommissioning<br />
and Environmental Remediation) and is implemented<br />
from <strong>2018</strong> onwards.<br />
The New CASTOR® geo – A Comprehensive<br />
Solution For Transport and Storage of Spent<br />
Nuclear Fuel, MOX and Damaged Fuel<br />
Linus Bettermann and<br />
Roland Hüggenberg | Page 312<br />
Dry interim storage has become a common solution<br />
for the disposal of spent fuel in recent years worldwide.<br />
However, in particular the complete defueling<br />
of NPP prior to decommissioning and dismantling<br />
will dramatically increase the demand especially for<br />
non-standard fuel. Here the new dry storage system<br />
by GNS is presented for international markets with<br />
its capability to also store MOX and damaged spent<br />
fuel. The new CASTOR® geo cask system is a product<br />
line based on standardized modules and components<br />
featuring different cask dimensions and<br />
basket designs.<br />
Optimal Holistic Disposal Planning –<br />
Development of a Calculation Tool<br />
Johannes Schubert, Anton Philipp Anthofer<br />
and Max Schreier | Page 316<br />
The expected volume of radioactive waste from<br />
dismantling of nuclear facilities in the forthcoming<br />
scope and the opening of the Konrad disposal<br />
requires an optimised planning of the removal of<br />
radioactive waste. For the treatment of radioactive<br />
raw waste, with negligible heat generation, different<br />
conditioning processes are available. Thereby different<br />
waste volumes and masses with different properties<br />
can result even from the same raw waste. An<br />
optimisation can be realised. The complex process<br />
can be carried out by a calculation tool.<br />
Scope for Thermal Dimensioning<br />
of Disposal Facilities for High-level<br />
Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel<br />
Joachim Heierli, Helmut Hirsch<br />
and Bruno Baltes | Page 319<br />
The objective of final disposal of high-level radioactive<br />
waste in deep geological formations is to<br />
isolate the radionuclides from the accessible<br />
biosphere for a sufficient period of time. To achieve<br />
this, both the functionality and the integrity of the<br />
disposal system must be assured under ambient<br />
conditions that<br />
depend both on the geological environment and<br />
on engineering choices taken in the planning<br />
of the facility. In particular, the amplitude of<br />
the transient temperature increase caused by the<br />
release of nuclear decay heat in the disposal area<br />
is scalable through design strategies and thermal<br />
dimensioning.<br />
Heavy Ions Irradiation as a Tool<br />
to Minimize the Number of In-Pile Tests<br />
in UMo Fuel Development<br />
H. Breitkreutz, J. Shi, R. Jungwirth,<br />
T. Zweifel, H.-Y. Chiang and W. Petry | Page 325<br />
Irradiation with heavy ions from an accelerator<br />
source is an increasingly often used tool to quickly<br />
reproduce and simulate certain effects of in-pile<br />
irradiation tests, avoiding the complexity and high<br />
costs of handling highly radioactive samples.<br />
At the Maier-Leibnitz Laboratorium (MLL) of the<br />
Technische Universität München (TUM), swift<br />
heavy ions have been applied in the development of<br />
Uranium-Molybdenum (UMo) based research<br />
reactor fuels for more than 10 years. Since then, the<br />
technique has been advanced from feasibility<br />
over qualitative analysis to quantitative prediction,<br />
including fission gas implantation.<br />
Nuclear Newcomer Turkey and ‘Comeback<br />
Kid’ Japan Show the Way Ahead<br />
John Shepherd | Page 354<br />
Around 20 years ago there was one story that<br />
cropped up again and again: “Forget that – it will<br />
never happen, they’ve been talking about it for<br />
years.” The subject was Turkey and its desire to<br />
build the country’s first nuclear power plant. But<br />
today, first safety-related concrete was poured and<br />
finally marked the start of construction of Turkey´s<br />
first nuclear power plant in Akkuyu, with four units<br />
planned. There was progress too on the international<br />
nuclear front from Japan, where KEPCO<br />
confirmed the restart of the third unit of its Ohi<br />
nuclear power plant.<br />
Abstracts | English