AHG Solutions Guide_Edition 2.7

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Dirt and Air Separation Contents Introduction to Dirt & Air Separation Problems caused by dirt and air in heating & cooling systems • Increased system corrosion • Increased noise in radiators, heat exchangers, pipework and pumps • Increased wear and tear of heat exchangers, controllers, shut-off valves and pumps • Lower heat emissions or cooling efficiency • Increased energy costs • Increased maintenance costs EXPANSION & DEAERATION Corrosion in circulating pump 190
Contents Dirt and Air Separation Air Due to the physical nature of water, it is impossible to prevent air from becoming trapped in the system. Air can enter through: • Filling and makeup water • System alterations and maintenance • Open header tanks • Micro leaks and diffusion through system components • Henry’s Law - “Gas is a natural constituent of water and other liquids. The presence and solubility depend on temperature and pressure within the liquid” (William Henry (1775 – 1836) Free Air Microbubbles Dissolved Air Once in the system, gas can be observed in three different forms As Henry’s Law describes, the presence and solubility of gas in a liquid depends on two elements – temperature and pressure. Whereas a hot water system causes the water to expand and the gas more easily removed, a chilled water system results in the water becoming dense and the gas more soluble. Similarly, where the system pressure is low, degassing is more easily achieved. But as the pressure increases, not only is the presence of gas greater but it also becomes much more difficult for traditional methods of removal – such as air vents – to release it. Free Air “Free” gas or air is both the most common and most easily removed, as it has not yet become soluble in the water. It can be found as air pockets and is typically released via simple air vents strategically placed around the system. A Duraflex EcoTop Automatic Air Vent removes free air quickly, offering continuous, maintenance-free operation and high reliability. Microbubbles Where gas has entered the liquid at some pressure, microbubbles are often formed. Smaller than one millimeter in diameter but larger than one micrometer, these bubbles of gas are created by turbulence in the water (often where there is a loss of pressure, such as a pumping pillar) and are commonly in hot water systems. Although visible to the eye, microbubbles cannot be removed by air vents as they are carried with the water stream. Rather, an air separator like a Duraflex EcoVent, which is suitable for heating systems up to 300 kpa, should be installed on the flow side of the heat source for effective deaeration. By slowing the water down as it passes through the mesh in the chamber, the microbubbles are broken up and the gas separates out of the water stream and is vented at the top of the chamber. Dissolved Air But where the pressure is higher and/or the temperature is low – as is common in chilled water systems – most gases become totally solubilised in the water. In much the same way carbon dioxide remains invisible in a bottle of lemonade until opened, the solubilised gas can only be removed from the water stream by reducing the pressure. A Duraflex Vacuum Deaerator removes dissolved air quickly, offering continuous operation and high reliability. EXPANSION & DEAERATION 191
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Solutions Guide Edition 2.7
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Company Overview Contents Company O
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The Automatic Heating Advantage Con
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Sales & Technical Support Contents
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Service & Maintenance Contents Serv
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HEAT PUMPS Heat Pumps Contents 10
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HEAT PUMPS Revere CO 2 - Air to Wat
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HEAT PUMPS Revere R32 Inverter - Ai
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HEAT PUMPS Revere R410A Inverter -
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HEAT PUMPS Revere R410A - Air to Wa
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HEAT PUMPS Revere R410A - Air to Wa
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti MPI DC - Air to
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti MPI DC - Air to
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti MPE - Air to Wat
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti HPS - Air to Wat
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti HPS - Air to Wat
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti EvitecH - Air to
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HEAT PUMPS Galleti SCX - Air to Wat
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HEAT PUMPS Contents 58
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HEAT PUMPS Revere CO 2 - Water to W
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HEAT PUMPS Revere R134A - Water to
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HEAT PUMPS Heat Pump Application Ex
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Condensing & Conventional Boilers C
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Condensing Boilers Contents CONDENS
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Eurogen - Condensing Boilers Conten
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Eurogen - Condensing Boilers Euroge
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Eurogen - Condensing Boilers Euroge
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Euromax - Condensing Boilers Conten
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Meridian - Condensing Boilers Conte
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Modulex EXT - Condensing Boilers Co
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Menu Menu Modulex EXT - Condensing
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Moorea I - Condensing Boilers Conte
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Accessories - Condensing Boilers Co
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Contents CONDENSING & CONVENTIONAL
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Arizona - Conventional Boilers Cont
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XRE - Conventional Boilers Contents
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XRE - Conventional Boilers Contents
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Enterprise Natural Gas Burners - Ga
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P K O P K Enterprise Natural Gas Bu
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L Z W AN J G Y P Enterprise Natural
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Enterprise Dual Fuel Burners - Gas,
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Contents CONDENSING & CONVENTIONAL
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Stainless Steel Flue System - Flue
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Page 152 and 153: Coaxial Flue System - Flue Systems
Page 154 and 155: Biomass Boilers Contents BIOMASS BO
Page 156 and 157: Wood Boilers Firex Wood Boilers - B
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Page 160 and 161: Fokolus Wood Boilers - Biomass Boil
Page 162 and 163: Pellet Boilers Pellexia Pellet Boil
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Page 166 and 167: Expansion & Deaeration Contents EXP
Page 168 and 169: Expansion Tanks & Pressurisation Sy
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Page 180 and 181: Duraflex EcoPress - Pressurisation
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Page 190 and 191: Contents EXPANSION & DEAERATION 188
Page 194 and 195: Dirt and Air Separation Contents Co
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Page 212 and 213: Vacuum Deaerators - Dirt and Air Se
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Page 220 and 221: Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Devices
Page 222 and 223: Case Studies - Expansion & Deaerati
Page 224 and 225: Thermal Storage Contents THERMAL ST
Page 226 and 227: Hot Water Storage Tanks for Domesti
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Steel Buffer Storage Tanks - Therme
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Custom Buffer Tanks - Thermex® The
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Buffer Storage Tanks - Thermal Stor
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HVAC Pumps Contents HVAC PUMPS 246
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Saer Pumps Saer Pumps - HVAC Pumps
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Wilo Pumps Wilo Pumps - HVAC Pumps
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Grundfos Pumps Grundfos Pumps - HVA
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Grundfos Pumps - HVAC Pumps Content
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Inertia Bases Inertia Bases - HVAC
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Heat HVAC Exchangers Accessories- H
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Condensate Neutralisers Condensate
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Condensate Neutralisers - HVAC Acce
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Condensate Neutralisers - HVAC Acce
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Hydraulic Separators Hydraulic Sepa
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Heat Exchangers Heat Exchangers - H
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Valves and Gauges Valves and Gauges
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Valves and Gauges - HVAC Accessorie
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Water Treatment Products Water Trea
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Water Treatment Products - HVAC Acc
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Prefabrication Contents Prefabricat
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Prefabrication Contents Prefab Pack
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ABN 73 611 897 600 Automatic Heatin
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