The Earliest Inhabitants: The Dynamics of the Jamaican Taino

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Illustrations A.1 Map of the sites mentioned in the text / 4–5 1.1 Irving Rouse’s chronology of the series and subseries of cultures in the West Indies / 21 1.2 Ostionan pottery from Jamaica / 23 1.3 Chican pottery from Hispaniola / 23 1.4 Jamaican Meillacan boat-shaped vessel / 24 1.5 Meillacan pottery from Haiti / 24 1.6 Local styles in the Ostionan, Meillacan and Chican subseries / 25 2.1 Taíno sites in the Kingston area / 35 2.2 Histograms of the major elements in the pottery samples compared with the levels in the soils from the Kingston area / 43 3.1 Taíno skulls in situ / 48 3.2 Earthenware pot containing infant remains / 48 3.3 Beads associated with the skull / 49 3.4 JNHT excavations at Chancery Hall / 52 3.5 Stratigraphy of Chancery Hall / 56 4.1 Location of Green Castle / 70 4.2 Green Castle contour map / 71 4.3 Burial 1 / 73 4.4 Burial 2 / 73 5.1 Road cutting through Taíno site at Barbican, Hanover / 80 5.2 Road cutting through a portion of the Toby Abbott Taíno site / 81 5.3 Chancery Hall Taíno site, St Andrew / 83 5.4 Long Mountain prior to development / 84 5.5 Construction activity at the Long Mountain site / 84 6.1 Jamaican hutia or coney / 95 ix
6.2 Hawksbill turtle / 95 7.1 Fernández de Oviedo’s illustration of Taínan caney / 101 7.2 Dugout canoe from Black River, St Elizabeth / 102 7.3 William Keegan explaining the use of the wild cane / 103 7.4 Two-notched net sinkers / 104 7.5 Four-notched net sinkers / 104 7.6 The annatto plant / 104 7.7 Members of the Paradise Park 2001 excavations measuring the Ceiba tree / 112 9.1 Simplified geological map of Jamaica showing parishes / 134 10.1 Redware, White Marl and Montego Bay styles / 147 10.2 Normal boat-shaped vessel / 148 10.3 Round vessel / 149 10.4 Handled Taíno bowl / 150 10.5 Handles, lugs and decorative motifs / 150 10.6 Taíno bowl with hourglass-type handle / 151 10.7 Laterally perforated handle / 151 10.8 Ribbon decoration / 151 10.9 Cross-hatch decoration / 152 11.1 Map of Jamaican Redware sites / 154 11.2 Burén rim profiles / 156 11.3 Type I handles – plain “D” handles / 157 11.4 Type II handles / 157 11.5 Type III handles / 158 11.6 Other handle variations / 158 12.1 Map of St Ann’s Bay, Jamaica / 162 12.2 Distribution of New Seville and Taíno ceramics / 165 12.3 Meillac ware: (a) boat-shaped vessel; (b) round bowl / 166 12.4 Rim profiles / 167 12.5 Decorated rim sherds / 167 12.6 Spouted bowl / 168 12.7 Taíno water bottle / 168 12.8 New Seville ware bowls / 169 12.9 New Seville ware: (a) pitcher; (b) pedestal cup / 170 12.10 New Seville ware: (a) cup; (b) spout jug / 170 12.11 New Seville ware: jug / 171 12.12 New Seville pedestal cup / 171 13.1 Map of cave art sites / 178 x I LLUSTRATIONS
Page 2: The Earliest Inhabitants
Page 5 and 6: University of the West Indies Press
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of Illustrations / ix
Page 12 and 13: 13.2 Petroglyphs from Coventry and
Page 14 and 15: Preface I HAVE ALWAYS been fascinat
Page 16 and 17: Acknowledgements I WOULD FIRST like
Page 18 and 19: Introduction IN JAMAICA, THE indige
Page 20 and 21: encounter the term Arawaks used to
Page 22 and 23: 90. Long Acre Point 91. Long Mounta
Page 24 and 25: ical publication in Jamaica. Geolog
Page 26 and 27: collections. Knowledge of the prove
Page 28: Section 1 Assessment and Excavation
Page 31 and 32: objective by using a frame of refer
Page 33 and 34: 16 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS two
Page 35 and 36: 18 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS fact
Page 37 and 38: 20 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS the
Page 39 and 40: 22 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS deco
Page 41 and 42: Howard (1965) recognized that Redwa
Page 43 and 44: people making Ostionan (Redware) po
Page 45 and 46: was the recovery of the Aboukir zem
Page 47 and 48: Appendix Table 1.1 Midden Sites Rep
Page 49 and 50: Table 1.2 Cave Sites Reported by Ro
Page 51 and 52: 2 The Taíno Settlement of the King
Page 53 and 54: Henderson Hill lies to the south, o
Page 55 and 56: ivalves. Single gastropod valves we
Page 57 and 58: 40 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Taí
Page 59 and 60: Table 2.2 Neutron Activation Analys
Page 61 and 62:
Plain may have played a role in the
Page 63 and 64:
Table 2.3. Taíno Sites in the King
Page 65 and 66:
contractors to drill and blast for
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chipped away. It is believed that t
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Figure 3.4 JNHT excavations at Chan
Page 71 and 72:
Test Pit 6 Depth 40 cm. This is a s
Page 73 and 74:
19.375 19.275 1 CHANCERY HALL, JAMA
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix A Laboratory Study of the
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.1 All Recovered Organic Mat
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of slim, more or less parallel shap
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Table 3.5 Fish Bone Anatomical Part
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66 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Surv
Page 85 and 86:
Acknowledgements Thanks are due to
Page 87 and 88:
SOUTH NEGRIL POINT Savannala-Mar Mo
Page 89 and 90:
sudden event. Occupation 3 can be c
Page 91 and 92:
dle, a ground stone artefact that m
Page 93 and 94:
- infrastructural development throu
Page 95 and 96:
emoval. Sometimes what is required
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 5.1 Road cutting through the
Page 99 and 100:
Later on the Spanish settled in the
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 5.4 Long Mountain prior to d
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86 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS amon
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6 Notes on the Natural History of J
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Soils Several different soil types
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Shoreline On the north coast, there
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well established, especially in dis
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7 The Exploitation and Transformati
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Art Art can be religious, functiona
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of Long Mountain”, Andreas Oberli
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Figure 7.3 William Keegan explainin
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cedar (Cedrela odorata), santa mari
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According to Rouse, the density of
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17), grows abundantly on the island
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Incidental Dispersal The plant comp
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8 Early Arawak Subsistence Strategi
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and bagged by level. In April of 19
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Table 8.1 Significant Vertebrate an
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tory and habitat preferences. Follo
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Changing Subsistence Strategies The
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Table 8.2 Faunal Comparisons: Per c
Page 142 and 143:
Appendix Table 8.3 Rodney’s House
Page 144 and 145:
Table 8.3 Rodney’s House Faunal L
Page 146 and 147:
Section 3 Analysis of Taíno Archae
Page 148 and 149:
9 Petrography and Source of Some Ar
Page 150 and 151:
The results discussed here were obt
Page 152 and 153:
Petaloid Axes of Arawak Origin from
Page 154 and 155:
Blue Schist The story of Jamaican b
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Coleraine) but also from other majo
Page 158 and 159:
from which several Jamaican artefac
Page 160 and 161:
in a lack of suitable rocks, so tha
Page 162 and 163:
A surprising conclusion of the pres
Page 164 and 165:
Figure 10.1 Redware, White Marl and
Page 166 and 167:
triangular ridges. It is thought th
Page 168 and 169:
(also see Figure 10.6), loop handle
Page 170 and 171:
11 Jamaican Redware J AMES W. LEE A
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only if planted at exactly the corr
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Handles Handles may be classified i
Page 176 and 177:
Two more or less spheroidal pottery
Page 178 and 179:
12 Taíno Ceramics from Post-Contac
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and distribution of native labour w
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 12.2 Distribution of New Sev
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hatching (Figure 12.5c), and closel
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were fired at a low temperature, th
Page 188 and 189:
Figure 12.11 New Seville ware: jug
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ters of the caciques. These politic
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Section 4 Taíno Art Forms ART IS A
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13 The Petroglyphs of Jamaica J AME
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previously described petroglyphs ex
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glyphs in that belt, as the geologi
Page 200 and 201:
Another carving that is unique is t
Page 202 and 203:
Appendix Table 13.2 Jamaican Petrog
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14 Zemís, Trees and Symbolic Lands
Page 206 and 207:
According to Arrom and Rouse (1992)
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The Context of Sacredness Taíno wo
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Kept in niches or on tables within
Page 212 and 213:
Another important correspondence be
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eliefs in the spiritual and life-gi
Page 216 and 217:
References Aarons, G.A. 1983a. Arch
Page 218 and 219:
Smithsonian Biological Survey of Do
Page 220 and 221:
———. 1988. Ulysses’ Sail: A
Page 222 and 223:
———. 1983b. Adornos, Jamaica
Page 224 and 225:
Porro, A. 1994. Social organization
Page 226 and 227:
Scudder, S. 1992. Early Arawak subs
Page 228 and 229:
Wing, E.S., and A.B. Brown. 1979. P
Page 230 and 231:
Rouse, I. 1982. Ceramic and religio
Page 232:
M. John Roobol, is a consultant geo
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