The Earliest Inhabitants: The Dynamics of the Jamaican Taino

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Handles Handles may be classified in the following groups: “D”, loop, zoomorphic, geometric and amorphous tabs or lugs. end view “D” handles (Figure 11.3) are the most common. Their flat straps range from 1 to 3.6 cm in width and from 0.5 to 1 cm in thickness. Ratios of width to thickness average 3.5 but vary from 2 to 8. This group can be subdivided into several types: Types I, II and III have a simple strap whose upper end melds smoothly into the rim of the vessel, and Types Ia and IIIa have bowl rims distinctly higher than the top of the “D”. Type I straps have lower ends or bases which form a continuous graceful sweep into the side of the bowl. In Type II, the strap bases flare out end view to join the body of the bowl in a symmetrical pair of lifting lugs. Type III handles have flared bases like Type II and, in addition, have a spur or tab fixed to the strap itself. These three main and two subsidiary types are illustrated in Figures 11.3 to 11.6. Only one complete specimen is known of a horizontal loop handle (Figure 11.6). The strip making the loop has an oval cross-section, 0.75 H 1.0 cm, and the space between the vessel wall and the loop is about 0.3 H 1.5 cm. This handle and the area above it (towards the rim) are red-painted, the loop being affixed at the line where the side of the bowl turns under. One end of the loop has three short horizontal incisions. A second example, also painted and incised, is lacking one end of the loop. Zoomorphic handles were almost always used for red-painted vessels, and the handles themselves were also painted. The favourite motif was the turtle, with head and foreflippers at one end of the bowl and a tail and hindflippers at the opposite end. Incision was used to create the impression of scales, particularly on the flippers. end view plan view cross-section through handles Figure 11.3 Type I handles – plain “D” handles section through handles Figure 11.4 Type II handles – similar to Type I but with flared base to strap J AMAICAN R EDWARE 157
end view Type 1A: plain D handle, top below bowl rim Type 3A: top of handle below bowl rim Painted areas Type 4: horizontal loop Figure 11.5 Type III handles – similar to Types I and II but with flared base and tabular spur Figure 11.6 Other handle variations Other recognizable forms depicted in Redware handles are heads of crocodiles, snakes, birds (parrot, duck) and various fish. Often the artist accentuated the eyes, mouth, gills and fins by incised lines. The geometric class includes cylindrical to flattened oval knobs and miniatures of the bow or stern of canoes. There are indentations to produce crescentic ridges and slightly raised V-shaped patterns, which merge over into the amorphous tabs and lugs. Miscellaneous Features of Pottery Piercing at or just above the handle is fairly common, the holes being typically 2 to 3 mm in diameter. Some vessels had feet, and one of these has an incised pattern on its sole. One vessel has a circular incision on the inside wall directly over the foot. In addition to its chief use for zoomorphic features, incision occasionally forms abstract designs such as concentric triangles or polygons. Unexplained single or doubles lines occur on some sherds. The author’s collection contains two examples of spouts, both bluntly conical, slightly curved and with inside diameters of 5 mm at the tips. The interior of the spout of one is funnel-shaped with walls 1 cm thick. The other spout is solid except for the constant-diameter 5-mm hole. 158 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS
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The Earliest Inhabitants
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University of the West Indies Press
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Contents List of Illustrations / ix
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Illustrations A.1 Map of the sites
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13.2 Petroglyphs from Coventry and
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Preface I HAVE ALWAYS been fascinat
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Acknowledgements I WOULD FIRST like
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Introduction IN JAMAICA, THE indige
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encounter the term Arawaks used to
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90. Long Acre Point 91. Long Mounta
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ical publication in Jamaica. Geolog
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collections. Knowledge of the prove
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Section 1 Assessment and Excavation
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objective by using a frame of refer
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16 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS two
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18 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS fact
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20 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS the
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22 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS deco
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Howard (1965) recognized that Redwa
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people making Ostionan (Redware) po
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was the recovery of the Aboukir zem
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Appendix Table 1.1 Midden Sites Rep
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Table 1.2 Cave Sites Reported by Ro
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2 The Taíno Settlement of the King
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Henderson Hill lies to the south, o
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ivalves. Single gastropod valves we
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40 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Taí
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Table 2.2 Neutron Activation Analys
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Plain may have played a role in the
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Table 2.3. Taíno Sites in the King
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contractors to drill and blast for
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chipped away. It is believed that t
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Figure 3.4 JNHT excavations at Chan
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Test Pit 6 Depth 40 cm. This is a s
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19.375 19.275 1 CHANCERY HALL, JAMA
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Appendix A Laboratory Study of the
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Table 3.1 All Recovered Organic Mat
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of slim, more or less parallel shap
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Table 3.5 Fish Bone Anatomical Part
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66 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Surv
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Acknowledgements Thanks are due to
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SOUTH NEGRIL POINT Savannala-Mar Mo
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sudden event. Occupation 3 can be c
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dle, a ground stone artefact that m
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- infrastructural development throu
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emoval. Sometimes what is required
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Figure 5.1 Road cutting through the
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Later on the Spanish settled in the
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Figure 5.4 Long Mountain prior to d
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86 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS amon
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6 Notes on the Natural History of J
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Soils Several different soil types
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Shoreline On the north coast, there
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well established, especially in dis
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7 The Exploitation and Transformati
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Art Art can be religious, functiona
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of Long Mountain”, Andreas Oberli
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Figure 7.3 William Keegan explainin
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cedar (Cedrela odorata), santa mari
Page 124 and 125: According to Rouse, the density of
Page 126 and 127: 17), grows abundantly on the island
Page 128 and 129: Incidental Dispersal The plant comp
Page 130 and 131: 8 Early Arawak Subsistence Strategi
Page 132 and 133: and bagged by level. In April of 19
Page 134 and 135: Table 8.1 Significant Vertebrate an
Page 136 and 137: tory and habitat preferences. Follo
Page 138 and 139: Changing Subsistence Strategies The
Page 140 and 141: Table 8.2 Faunal Comparisons: Per c
Page 142 and 143: Appendix Table 8.3 Rodney’s House
Page 144 and 145: Table 8.3 Rodney’s House Faunal L
Page 146 and 147: Section 3 Analysis of Taíno Archae
Page 148 and 149: 9 Petrography and Source of Some Ar
Page 150 and 151: The results discussed here were obt
Page 152 and 153: Petaloid Axes of Arawak Origin from
Page 154 and 155: Blue Schist The story of Jamaican b
Page 156 and 157: Coleraine) but also from other majo
Page 158 and 159: from which several Jamaican artefac
Page 160 and 161: in a lack of suitable rocks, so tha
Page 162 and 163: A surprising conclusion of the pres
Page 164 and 165: Figure 10.1 Redware, White Marl and
Page 166 and 167: triangular ridges. It is thought th
Page 168 and 169: (also see Figure 10.6), loop handle
Page 170 and 171: 11 Jamaican Redware J AMES W. LEE A
Page 172 and 173: only if planted at exactly the corr
Page 176 and 177: Two more or less spheroidal pottery
Page 178 and 179: 12 Taíno Ceramics from Post-Contac
Page 180 and 181: and distribution of native labour w
Page 182 and 183: Figure 12.2 Distribution of New Sev
Page 184 and 185: hatching (Figure 12.5c), and closel
Page 186 and 187: were fired at a low temperature, th
Page 188 and 189: Figure 12.11 New Seville ware: jug
Page 190 and 191: ters of the caciques. These politic
Page 192 and 193: Section 4 Taíno Art Forms ART IS A
Page 194 and 195: 13 The Petroglyphs of Jamaica J AME
Page 196 and 197: previously described petroglyphs ex
Page 198 and 199: glyphs in that belt, as the geologi
Page 200 and 201: Another carving that is unique is t
Page 202 and 203: Appendix Table 13.2 Jamaican Petrog
Page 204 and 205: 14 Zemís, Trees and Symbolic Lands
Page 206 and 207: According to Arrom and Rouse (1992)
Page 208 and 209: The Context of Sacredness Taíno wo
Page 210 and 211: Kept in niches or on tables within
Page 212 and 213: Another important correspondence be
Page 214 and 215: eliefs in the spiritual and life-gi
Page 216 and 217: References Aarons, G.A. 1983a. Arch
Page 218 and 219: Smithsonian Biological Survey of Do
Page 220 and 221: ———. 1988. Ulysses’ Sail: A
Page 222 and 223: ———. 1983b. Adornos, Jamaica
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Porro, A. 1994. Social organization
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Scudder, S. 1992. Early Arawak subs
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Wing, E.S., and A.B. Brown. 1979. P
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Rouse, I. 1982. Ceramic and religio
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M. John Roobol, is a consultant geo
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The Earliest Inhabitants: The Dynamics of the Jamaican Taino

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