The Earliest Inhabitants: The Dynamics of the Jamaican Taino

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———. 1983b. Adornos, Jamaica and Caribbean – Figure 2d. Archaeology Jamaica 83, no. 2. ———. 1984. Field trips. Archaeology Jamaica 84, no. 4: 41. ———. 1985a. Activities. Archaeology Jamaica 85, nos. 1–2: 5. ———. 1985b. Activities. Archaeology Jamaica 85, nos. 3–4: 5. ———. 1991. Dr James W. Lee’s articles and papers published in Archaeology Jamaica. Archaeology Jamaica, n.s., no. 3: 11–12. Lehmann, H. 1951. Un ‘duho’ de la civilisation Taino au Musée de l’homme. Journal de la société des Américanistes, n.s., 40: 153–61, plates 1–3. Lester, S. 1958. Jamaican treasures in London. The West Indian Review 4, no. 30. Lévi-Strauss, C. 1969. The Savage Mind. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. Lewis, P. 1994. Probable tree identities of Taino sculptures. Letter to Dorrick Gray, Jamaica National Heritage Trust, 22 June 1994. University of the West Indies Herbarium, Mona, Jamaica. Long, E. 1774. History of Jamaica. London: T. Lowndes. Longley, G. C. 1914. Kitchen middens of Jamaica. American Museum Journal 14: 296–98. López-Baralt, M. 1985. El Mito Taíno: Raiz y Proyección en la Amazonia Continental,rev. ed. Río Piedras: Ediciones Huracan. Lovén, S. 1932. Stone Dart Points from the District of Old Harbour, Jamaica. Göteborg: Erlanders Boktryckerie Aktiebolag, 1932. ———. 1935. Origins of the Tainan Culture, West Indies. Göteborg: Erlanders Boktryckerie Aktiebolag, 1935. MacCormack, R.C. 1898. Indian remains in Vere, Jamaica. Journal of the Institute of Jamaica 2, no. 5: 744–48. Matley, C.A. 1951. Geology and Physiography of the Kingston District, Jamaica. London: Crown Agents of the Colonies. McDonald, C. 1993. Report on visit to Chancery Hall. JNHT Files. McEwan, B.G. 1982. Faunal remains from Sevilla Nueva, Jamaica. Unpublished report. Gainesville, Florida: Florida State Museum. ———. 1995. Spanish precedents and domestic life in Puerto Real: The archaeology of two hispanic homesites. In Puerto Real: The Archaeology of a Sixteenth-Century Spanish Town in Hispaniola, ed. Kathleen Deagan, 195–230. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. McKusick, M. 1959. The distribution of ceramic styles in the Lesser Antilles, West Indies. PhD diss., Yale University. McManamon, F. 2000. Archaeological messages and messengers. Public Archaeology 1. no. 1. ———. 1977a. Part 3: Bellevue site, K-13 – analysis of mollusc shells. Archaeology Jamaica 77, no. 1: 8–9. ———. 1977b. The Bellevue site, K-13 – analysis of mollusc shell. Archaeology Jamaica 77, no. 3: 1–9. ———. 1980. The Rodney’s House site: A preliminary report on the April 1979 excavation. Archaeology Jamaica 80, no. 4: 1–16. Medhurst, C.W., and H. Clarke. 1976a. The Bellevue site. Archaeology Jamaica 76, no. 3: 3–23. ———. 1976b. The Bellevue site. Archaeology Jamaica 76, no. 4: 12–40. R EFERENCES 205
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The Earliest Inhabitants
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University of the West Indies Press
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Contents List of Illustrations / ix
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Illustrations A.1 Map of the sites
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13.2 Petroglyphs from Coventry and
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Preface I HAVE ALWAYS been fascinat
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Acknowledgements I WOULD FIRST like
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Introduction IN JAMAICA, THE indige
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encounter the term Arawaks used to
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90. Long Acre Point 91. Long Mounta
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ical publication in Jamaica. Geolog
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collections. Knowledge of the prove
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Section 1 Assessment and Excavation
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objective by using a frame of refer
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16 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS two
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18 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS fact
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20 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS the
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22 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS deco
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Howard (1965) recognized that Redwa
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people making Ostionan (Redware) po
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was the recovery of the Aboukir zem
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Appendix Table 1.1 Midden Sites Rep
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Table 1.2 Cave Sites Reported by Ro
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2 The Taíno Settlement of the King
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Henderson Hill lies to the south, o
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ivalves. Single gastropod valves we
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40 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Taí
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Table 2.2 Neutron Activation Analys
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Plain may have played a role in the
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Table 2.3. Taíno Sites in the King
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contractors to drill and blast for
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chipped away. It is believed that t
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Figure 3.4 JNHT excavations at Chan
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Test Pit 6 Depth 40 cm. This is a s
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19.375 19.275 1 CHANCERY HALL, JAMA
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Appendix A Laboratory Study of the
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Table 3.1 All Recovered Organic Mat
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of slim, more or less parallel shap
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Table 3.5 Fish Bone Anatomical Part
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66 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS Surv
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Acknowledgements Thanks are due to
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SOUTH NEGRIL POINT Savannala-Mar Mo
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sudden event. Occupation 3 can be c
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dle, a ground stone artefact that m
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- infrastructural development throu
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emoval. Sometimes what is required
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Figure 5.1 Road cutting through the
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Later on the Spanish settled in the
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Figure 5.4 Long Mountain prior to d
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86 T HE E ARLIEST I NHABITANTS amon
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6 Notes on the Natural History of J
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Soils Several different soil types
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Shoreline On the north coast, there
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well established, especially in dis
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7 The Exploitation and Transformati
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Art Art can be religious, functiona
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of Long Mountain”, Andreas Oberli
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Figure 7.3 William Keegan explainin
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cedar (Cedrela odorata), santa mari
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According to Rouse, the density of
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17), grows abundantly on the island
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Incidental Dispersal The plant comp
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8 Early Arawak Subsistence Strategi
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and bagged by level. In April of 19
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Table 8.1 Significant Vertebrate an
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tory and habitat preferences. Follo
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Changing Subsistence Strategies The
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Table 8.2 Faunal Comparisons: Per c
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Appendix Table 8.3 Rodney’s House
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Table 8.3 Rodney’s House Faunal L
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Section 3 Analysis of Taíno Archae
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9 Petrography and Source of Some Ar
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The results discussed here were obt
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Petaloid Axes of Arawak Origin from
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Blue Schist The story of Jamaican b
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Coleraine) but also from other majo
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from which several Jamaican artefac
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in a lack of suitable rocks, so tha
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A surprising conclusion of the pres
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Figure 10.1 Redware, White Marl and
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triangular ridges. It is thought th
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(also see Figure 10.6), loop handle
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11 Jamaican Redware J AMES W. LEE A
Page 172 and 173: only if planted at exactly the corr
Page 174 and 175: Handles Handles may be classified i
Page 176 and 177: Two more or less spheroidal pottery
Page 178 and 179: 12 Taíno Ceramics from Post-Contac
Page 180 and 181: and distribution of native labour w
Page 182 and 183: Figure 12.2 Distribution of New Sev
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Page 186 and 187: were fired at a low temperature, th
Page 188 and 189: Figure 12.11 New Seville ware: jug
Page 190 and 191: ters of the caciques. These politic
Page 192 and 193: Section 4 Taíno Art Forms ART IS A
Page 194 and 195: 13 The Petroglyphs of Jamaica J AME
Page 196 and 197: previously described petroglyphs ex
Page 198 and 199: glyphs in that belt, as the geologi
Page 200 and 201: Another carving that is unique is t
Page 202 and 203: Appendix Table 13.2 Jamaican Petrog
Page 204 and 205: 14 Zemís, Trees and Symbolic Lands
Page 206 and 207: According to Arrom and Rouse (1992)
Page 208 and 209: The Context of Sacredness Taíno wo
Page 210 and 211: Kept in niches or on tables within
Page 212 and 213: Another important correspondence be
Page 214 and 215: eliefs in the spiritual and life-gi
Page 216 and 217: References Aarons, G.A. 1983a. Arch
Page 218 and 219: Smithsonian Biological Survey of Do
Page 220 and 221: ———. 1988. Ulysses’ Sail: A
Page 224 and 225: Porro, A. 1994. Social organization
Page 226 and 227: Scudder, S. 1992. Early Arawak subs
Page 228 and 229: Wing, E.S., and A.B. Brown. 1979. P
Page 230 and 231: Rouse, I. 1982. Ceramic and religio
Page 232: M. John Roobol, is a consultant geo
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