Law of Wills, 2016A

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12.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 533 12.2 Holographic Will ..................................................................................................... 533 Uniform Probate Code § 2-502. Execution; Witnessed or Notarized Wills; Holographic Wills. ....... 533 12.2.1 Testamentary Intent ......................................................................................... 533 In re Kimmel’s Estate, 278 Pa. 435 (Pa. 1924) .............................................................................. 534 Estate of Southworth, 51 Cal. App. 4 th 564 (Cal. Ct. App. 1996) ................................................. 537 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 542 12.2.2 In the Testator’s Handwriting ......................................................................... 543 Matter of Estate of Hand, 684 A.2d 521 (N.J. 1996) ................................................................... 543 12.2.3 Material Portions .............................................................................................. 546 Matter of Estate of Krueger, 529 N.W.2d 151 (N.D. 1995) .......................................................... 546 12.2.4 Preprinted Forms.............................................................................................. 548 In re Will of Ferree, 848 A.2d 81 (N.J. 2003) ............................................................................... 548 12.3 Nuncupative Wills ................................................................................................... 553 T. C. A. § 32-1-106. Nuncupative wills (Tenn.) ............................................................................. 553 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 554 Chapter Thirteen: Additional Doctrines Impacting Wills ............................... 556 13.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 556 13.2 Incorporation by Reference ..................................................................................... 556 § 2-510. Incorporation by Reference .................................................................................................. 556 13.2.1 In Existence ...................................................................................................... 556 Cyfers v. Cyfers, 759 S.E.2d 475 (W. Va. 2014)........................................................................... 556 Clark v. Citizens Nat. Bank of Collingswood, 118 A.2d 108 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div 1955) ... 562 13.2.2 Description and Intent ..................................................................................... 567 Clark v. Greenhalge, 582 N.E.2d 949 (Mass. 1991) ..................................................................... 567 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 571 13.3 Integration ............................................................................................................... 572 In re Morrison’s Estate, 220 P.2d 413 (Cal. Ct. App. 1950) ......................................................... 572 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 576 13.4 Republication by Codicil ......................................................................................... 576 Restatement (Third) of Property (Wills & Don. Trans.) § 3.4 (1999) ............................................. 576 xvi
§ 4-512. Events of Independent Significance. ..................................................................................... 578 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 579 13.6 Interaction Between the Doctrines ......................................................................... 579 Walsh v. St. Joseph’s Home For Aged, 303 A.2d 691 (Del.Ch. 1973) ........................................... 579 13.7 Contracts Relating to Wills .................................................................................. 581 13.7.1 Contract to Make a Will .................................................................................... 582 Uniform Probate Code § 2-514. Contracts Concerning Succession ..................................................... 582 Newton v. Lawson, 720 S.E.2d 353 (Ga. Ct. App. 2011) ............................................................ 582 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 586 13.7.2 Contract Not to Revoke a Will ......................................................................... 586 Problems ..................................................................................................................... 587 Chapter Fourteen: Mistakes and Curative Doctrines....................................... 588 14.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 588 14.2 Drafting Errors ........................................................................................................ 588 In re Gibb’s Estate, 111 N.W.2d 413 (Wis. 1961) ....................................................................... 588 14.3 Execution Errors ..................................................................................................... 592 14.3.1 Strict Compliance ............................................................................................. 592 In re Pavlinko’s Estate, 148 A.2d 528 (Pa. 1959) ......................................................................... 592 14.3.2 Substantial Compliance .................................................................................... 598 Matter of Will of Ranney, 589 A.2d 1339 (N.J. 1991) .................................................................. 599 14.3.3 Harmless Error/Dispensing Power ................................................................. 606 In re Estate of Ehrlich, 47 A.3d 12 (N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. 2012) .......................................... 606 In re Estate of Sky Dancer, 13 P.3d 1231 (Colo. App. 2000) ........................................................ 613 Chapter Fifteen: The Stale Will Problem .......................................................... 617 15.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 617 15.2 Common law/Default Lapse Rules ........................................................................ 617 15.2.1 Specific and General Devises ........................................................................... 617 15.2.2 Residuary Devises ............................................................................................ 618 15.2.3 No Residue-of-a Residue Rule......................................................................... 618 15.2.3 Class Devises .................................................................................................... 619 Matter of Seaman, 196 Misc. 202 (N.Y. Sur. Ct. 1949) ............................................................... 619 xvii
Page 2 and 3: Law of Wills Browne C. Lewis Leon a
Page 4 and 5: Notices This is the first edition o
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents Law of Wills ....
Page 8 and 9: Problems and Questions ............
Page 10 and 11: Welch vs. Wilson, 516 S.E.2d 35 (W.
Page 12 and 13: Notes and Questions ...............
Page 14 and 15: Notes, Problems, and Questions ....
Page 16 and 17: 10.3.1 Fraud in the inducement ....
Page 20 and 21: Matter of Kalouse’s Estate, 282 N
Page 22 and 23: Preface Both lay persons and buddin
Page 24 and 25: Part I - The Intestacy System Chapt
Page 26 and 27: meaning of the Canon, when it becom
Page 28 and 29: In January 1998, before the husband
Page 30 and 31: that part of his estate that otherw
Page 32 and 33: disclose. Ibid. In the context of e
Page 34 and 35: eveals to Lawyer that he has just e
Page 36 and 37: meet with Jake Leno and report back
Page 38 and 39: panel’s finding that his testimon
Page 40 and 41: witness, because the hearing panel
Page 42 and 43: incompetent by a court without both
Page 44 and 45: Whether, under New Hampshire law an
Page 46 and 47: uildings used in the family busines
Page 48 and 49: Creating a duty, even under the unf
Page 50 and 51: Chapter Two: Intestacy System (Basi
Page 52 and 53: children for purposes of the distri
Page 54 and 55: Lauren, a widow, had two children,
Page 56 and 57: nominated himself as the sole perso
Page 58 and 59: (1) to the issue of the decedent; i
Page 60 and 61: stirpes,” “classic per stirpes,
Page 62 and 63: E, will receive her 1/3 share of th
Page 64 and 65: Scenario Two: Stephen dies intestat
Page 66 and 67: Thomas A. Fleming was born out of w
Page 68 and 69:
In our view, the 1947 statutes coul
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asked [R.W.] how long has he and hi
Page 72 and 73:
Following the fact finding hearing
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eturned to M.W. She agreed to a psy
Page 76 and 77:
Dr. Dyer testified that in his opin
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U.S. 971, 101 S.Ct. 2049, 68 L.Ed.
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intestacy succession rules. Affirme
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Explanation: Willis estate will be
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Appeal dismissed, with costs to res
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Uniform Probate Code § 2-109 (a) I
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Chapter Three: Intestacy System (Su
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5. In America, there are variations
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On February 6, 1981, Leslie died in
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property to Edith. By such action,
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eversed the separate property deter
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legislative direction to the contra
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V. Virtually every court which has
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Joan last saw Charles in the New Yo
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Helen’s petition came on for a no
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valid, the court shall declare such
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their claim to an interest in the e
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In Estate of Ricci (1962) 201 Cal.A
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which were hers by separate ownersh
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Laikola v. Engineered Concrete, 277
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the party alleging a common-law mar
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3.2.3 Same-Sex Spouse Under the int
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There is no question that Frances
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Bell Joyner (collectively “defend
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2. What was the constructive abando
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on New York Evidence, Section 956,
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each will, Vencie and Melba gave
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days. These provisions constitute a
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Determination of Death 30 (1982), t
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We next address the question of whe
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3.4.3 Dower Ohio Revised Code Ann.
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3.4.4 Fractionalize Forced Share In
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If the decedent and the surviving s
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The effect of the parties’ disagr
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or model act. However, when the leg
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“how the [elective-share] amount
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allowance be deducted twice as a pa
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Thus, as the estate and the trial c
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M. Morrow, another first cousin, wa
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few other states allow the adopted
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II. Constitutionality Child next ar
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“If, for purposes of intestate su
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2. Sylvia R. Fore married George Cl
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Fred Wulf died intestate April 30,
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Jenkins v. Jenkins, 990 So. 2d 807
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Case law in Mississippi is also cle
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Conclusion Based on the foregoing r
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Page was without authority to contr
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Moreover, the purpose of requiring
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probate records of Mrs. Margaret Wi
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Right to inherit from biological pa
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After the natural father in Halterm
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In support of her motion for summar
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This equitable principle of law has
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equitably adoptive parent's brother
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Judgment of the Circuit Court for M
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1983); Wilks v. Langley Adm’r, 45
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transcript shows that the court was
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egardless of age.” An order and j
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parent-child relationship between p
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N.E.2d 820, 822 (Ill. 1994). To det
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of an adopted adult. Accordingly, w
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arred because it is contrary to pub
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construction.” Lang, 35 S.W.3d at
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3. Ellison Sr. could have intended
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occurred.” Id. Therefore, “[t]h
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Acts of 1975, 64th Leg., R.S., ch.
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the natural parents may not inherit
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and seeking his own appointment as
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was open and uncontested and becaus
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170-B:1. The statute already consid
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5.2 Non-Marital Children Most of th
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In applying the Equal Protection Cl
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“An illegitimate child is the leg
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The New York statute, enacted in 18
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during their fathers’ lifetimes,
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Phillips v. Ledford, 590 S.E.2d 280
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(citations omitted) a positive DNA
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Class Discussion Tool LaMeesha had
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The definition of “legitimate”
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We fail to find the necessary State
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Sample State Statutes West's Annota
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legitimate from and through the chi
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Notes and Questions 1. Evaluate the
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I Thomas and Janet are the children
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elationship of an adopted child and
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‘Fifth. If the decedent leaves no
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433, 26 A.L.R.2d 249,cited by appel
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wrote his will. Although it is not
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2460; see id. at p. 2460 [Cal. Law
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foster parent] expressed a desire t
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law, viz., the meaning of the provi
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Chapter Six: Intestacy (Children of
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6.2.1 The Right to Inherit From Fat
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(c) Because the SSA’s interpretat
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The wife presented the judgment of
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Section 1 of the intestacy statute
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See, e.g., L.W.K. v. E.R.C., supra
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more complicated matter. In A.Z. v.
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posthumously conceived child. In an
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distribution statute. After a heari
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(b) Taking against the will of any
Page 280 and 281:
has urged me not to adjudicate this
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going back to at least 1877. The si
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ear his children. Some may question
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of Mr. Finley. The claims were deni
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is left void, superfluous or insign
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(James's issue, in the case of cert
Page 292 and 293:
In order for a post-conceived child
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unless the deceased individual cons
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Questions 1. Which one of the above
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Mitch’s sperm to become pregnant.
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Background Husband and Wife were ma
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any other file, are subject to insp
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husband will not hold them responsi
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K.S. v. G.S., 440 A.2d 64 (N.J. Sup
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In New Jersey, in order to sufficie
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protect the best interests of the c
Page 312 and 313:
Turning to the specific issue befor
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Husband argues implied consent to a
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want to participate in, nor did he
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structure of the statute does not l
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6.5 The Paternity of the Sperm Dono
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parent's constitutional right to pr
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Greenwald, 743 A.2d 977, 979 (Pa.Su
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Custody order affirmed. Support ord
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a large family. Unfortunately, appr
Page 330 and 331:
The analysis and law in support of
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mother under California law.” Joh
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individual's genes. If we are to re
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3. Should genetics be the sole indi
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A bond is created between a gestati
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8. Should there be a presumption th
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Passage of the Act clearly was not
Page 344 and 345:
In deciding the issue of maternity
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6.6.1.4 The Best Interests of the C
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holding of the Court of Appeals tha
Page 350 and 351:
In anticipation of trial, Charles a
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framework for our analysis. 2. The
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contemplate or to control the circu
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Johnson has “discarded both genet
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in any event there is now a lack of
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Instead we affirm on separate and n
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Under California law, a judgment of
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Part II —The Testacy System Chapt
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But the end of future allotment by
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action to encourage consolidation.
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deceased, and others. To review a j
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5. Suppose that Congress required r
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It will not be questioned that marr
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disowned as a member; or if she hav
Page 378 and 379:
7.2.2 Some Restrictions are Reasona
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marriage which imposes only reasona
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National Bank (1961), 87 Ohio Law A
Page 384 and 385:
By exercising her power of appointm
Page 386 and 387:
Max’s beneficiary restriction was
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adoption, in 1969, of the Statute C
Page 390 and 391:
unaffected by the violation of the
Page 392 and 393:
of this estate. In the absence of t
Page 394 and 395:
We conclude, reading Ransdell, Shac
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7. Suppose Dr. Shapira’s will con
Page 398 and 399:
8.3.1 Example Ross had three childr
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Discovery of the 1975 will and the
Page 402 and 403:
Andrews, 125 Nev. 397, 406, 215 P.3
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planning unpredictable. In essence,
Page 406 and 407:
provides: “If the decedent leaves
Page 408 and 409:
child’s interests in the father
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majority of cases hold that under m
Page 412 and 413:
West’s Alaska Statutes Annotated
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The statute also instructs that acq
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While we believe the court did not
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stirpes.’ Further, even if Margar
Page 420 and 421:
This action began with a petition f
Page 422 and 423:
The objectors argue that because Li
Page 424 and 425:
Terry L. Armstrong, John’s brothe
Page 426 and 427:
meaning of “wilfully,” finding
Page 428 and 429:
he killed because an insane person
Page 430 and 431:
5. From a public policy perspective
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Chapter Nine: Testamentary Capacity
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discounted his testimony. Instead,
Page 436 and 437:
Under these circumstances, we agree
Page 438 and 439:
contests the will has the burden of
Page 440 and 441:
maintain the trial court erred in f
Page 442 and 443:
executed. All other evidence concer
Page 444 and 445:
he continued to love Valerie and mi
Page 446 and 447:
the 2001 report, he would have cons
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with testator at rehabilitation hos
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half of $75,000 upon the death of h
Page 452 and 453:
The policy of the law favors testac
Page 454 and 455:
testimony supported the conclusion
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$200 to purchase clothes for hersel
Page 458 and 459:
evidence to be highly probable. In
Page 460 and 461:
slipping the wheatgrass on his sala
Page 462 and 463:
Noblin v. Burgess, 54 So.3d 282 (Mi
Page 464 and 465:
[An appellate court] resolves all c
Page 466 and 467:
presence of Burgess and McDill, as
Page 468 and 469:
physically intimate, and that at so
Page 470 and 471:
matter. We cannot say that the chan
Page 472 and 473:
10.2.2 Undue Influence If the presu
Page 474 and 475:
II. Scope and Standards of Review.
Page 476 and 477:
dominating influence over Clair in
Page 478 and 479:
In re Estate of Rosasco, 31 Misc. 3
Page 480 and 481:
A. There were plenty of instances w
Page 482 and 483:
destroyed free agency, or which, by
Page 484 and 485:
Duress: In the context of contested
Page 486 and 487:
The motion for summary judgment wit
Page 488 and 489:
cause of action against the third p
Page 490 and 491:
intended to induce [Mr.] Schilling
Page 492 and 493:
Does Florida law, statutory or othe
Page 494 and 495:
Class Discussion Tool (Answer this
Page 496 and 497:
(a) Is written, created and stored
Page 498 and 499:
Steve Godfrey (“Deceased”) prep
Page 500 and 501:
Defendant made a properly supported
Page 502 and 503:
who presided at the hearing and hea
Page 504 and 505:
Later in the afternoon Fred and his
Page 506 and 507:
position, that the witnesses are si
Page 508 and 509:
testator’s death.” Kay purporte
Page 510 and 511:
will was properly executed. Id. The
Page 512 and 513:
Viewing this evidence in a light mo
Page 514 and 515:
296, 297, which was a proceeding to
Page 516 and 517:
void. In Fowler v. Stagner, supra,
Page 518 and 519:
extent the subsequent will is incon
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For more than one hundred years, th
Page 522 and 523:
2002. Elizabeth and Kelly are the b
Page 524 and 525:
when they prepared their wills in 2
Page 526 and 527:
execution, or its contents. Rather,
Page 528 and 529:
secreted by some other person with
Page 530 and 531:
As in Jackson and Bowery, it is dem
Page 532 and 533:
Hurricane Katrina, a large number o
Page 534 and 535:
LAW OF WILLS § 21.57 at 446 (rev.
Page 536 and 537:
furniture in the house was left to
Page 538 and 539:
intestate but held that “however
Page 540 and 541:
evocation was based on her mistaken
Page 542 and 543:
2. In 2001, Madison executed a will
Page 544 and 545:
to treat this as a revocation is du
Page 546 and 547:
Section 70 states: “If a person m
Page 548 and 549:
Problems (1) If the testator had no
Page 550 and 551:
It appears from the record that on
Page 552 and 553:
The object of the statute is not to
Page 554 and 555:
does the will contain anything indi
Page 556 and 557:
Chapter Twelve: Non-Attested Wills
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when it appears thereby that the de
Page 560 and 561:
signature, but part of an unfinishe
Page 562 and 563:
emember the North Shore Animal Leag
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handwriting “ ‘is exceedingly d
Page 566 and 567:
12.2.2 In the Testator’s Handwrit
Page 568 and 569:
In Alexander’s Estate v. Hatcher,
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The right to make a will disposing
Page 572 and 573:
I The facts—all of which are undi
Page 574 and 575:
For example, in Estate of Baker, 59
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can come to no other conclusion wit
Page 578 and 579:
5. Nellie and her sisters, Connie a
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I. Facts and Procedural History Thi
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eference into the Will. We reverse
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the completed form to his office pr
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(a) The Trustee shall pay the entir
Page 588 and 589:
Even in those states in which such
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equest to ‘heirs’ or ‘childre
Page 592 and 593:
wishes and intentions stated in the
Page 594 and 595:
Fifth. It is clear that the judge f
Page 596 and 597:
twenty to thirty minutes, during wh
Page 598 and 599:
distinctly extraneous document, but
Page 600 and 601:
Example: On March 4, 2014, T execut
Page 602 and 603:
Explanation: T’s motivation for b
Page 604 and 605:
at issue. 2 Page The Law of Wills s
Page 606 and 607:
Lawson exerted undue influence on S
Page 608 and 609:
embodiment of the Will Contract New
Page 610 and 611:
Problems 1. Jason, a seventy year o
Page 612 and 613:
to do necessary work about the plac
Page 614 and 615:
The terms of the bequest exactly fi
Page 616 and 617:
In the first paragraph she directed
Page 618 and 619:
‘The decedent may have thought he
Page 620 and 621:
correction? May the law not untie t
Page 622 and 623:
testamentary intent?; and (2) Does
Page 624 and 625:
Russell’s will gives Betty a life
Page 626 and 627:
affiants, with the intent to act as
Page 628 and 629:
supra, 63 Wash.U.L.Q. at 60; Nelson
Page 630 and 631:
decedent had not seen or had any co
Page 632 and 633:
een executed in compliance with N.J
Page 634 and 635:
final assent to the document. Clear
Page 636 and 637:
Affirmed. In re Estate of Sky Dance
Page 638 and 639:
Although a will was not executed in
Page 640 and 641:
Chapter Fifteen: The Stale Will Pro
Page 642 and 643:
Example 3: In 2013, Freda left a wi
Page 644 and 645:
alike, with the share going to Fran
Page 646 and 647:
cousins were dead when testator exe
Page 648 and 649:
At the outset, we are not persuaded
Page 650 and 651:
The court has followed this rule in
Page 652 and 653:
‘ITEM IV. My real estate located
Page 654 and 655:
effect, (sic) when both description
Page 656 and 657:
intended a half and half division o
Page 658 and 659:
Personal to Chester H. Quinn & Roxy
Page 660 and 661:
2d 199, 214, 238 P.2d 966, 975). Th
Page 662 and 663:
131 P.2d 825; Parsons v. Bristol De
Page 664 and 665:
3. Patent vs. latent ambiguity: Acc
Page 666 and 667:
a brother, Giuseppe, and a sister,
Page 668 and 669:
Early in 2006, Cal Jr. and his wife
Page 670 and 671:
926, 280 P.3d 1110 (2012). Our prim
Page 672 and 673:
esults from allowing the natural ob
Page 674 and 675:
15.3.2.1 Language of the Will M.S.A
Page 676 and 677:
antilapse statutes have been constr
Page 678 and 679:
decedent”). Thus, although the pr
Page 680 and 681:
antilapse statute, words of survivo
Page 682 and 683:
(1997), the antilapse statute, gove
Page 684 and 685:
generally provided that the propert
Page 686 and 687:
testator left all her property to h
Page 688 and 689:
15.4 Ademption The law considers a
Page 690 and 691:
Sewell also obtained an appraisal o
Page 692 and 693:
contravention of the power of attor
Page 694 and 695:
the Fiduciaries [Sewell and Judkins
Page 696 and 697:
thereby allowing the imposition of
Page 698 and 699:
intentional interference with an in
Page 700 and 701:
the testator’s lifetime, that gif
Page 702 and 703:
him even a small sum with intent to
Page 704 and 705:
(c) If the devisee fails to survive
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When this lawsuit was filed, approx
Page 708 and 709:
The doctrine of exoneration has bee
Page 710 and 711:
e paid by the Estate, the debt secu
Page 712 and 713:
16.2.1 Changing the Beneficiary A l
Page 714 and 715:
Accordingly, we affirm the order of
Page 716 and 717:
his consent and without notice to h
Page 718 and 719:
Egelhoff v. Egelhoff ex rel. Breine
Page 720 and 721:
would survive,’ as well as to the
Page 722 and 723:
een adopted by nearly every State-i
Page 724 and 725:
Motor Co., 529 U.S. 861, 873, 120 S
Page 726 and 727:
purpose with federalism’s need to
Page 728 and 729:
and were included in the inventory
Page 730 and 731:
een the property of the daughter up
Page 732 and 733:
Moreover, the settlor may use a dee
Page 734 and 735:
On final submission after evidence
Page 736 and 737:
evidentiary material which has been
Page 738 and 739:
that immediately thereafter the tru
Page 740 and 741:
2. Arthur placed $100,000 worth of
Page 742 and 743:
The co-executors and the trustee do
Page 744 and 745:
not a will construction case, we ar
Page 746 and 747:
presently constituted does not effe
Page 748:
2. Should the settlor be permitted
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