Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIMILAR AIRCRAFT 103 coming up at each pass. This tactic encourages the opponent to turn nose-low in response, which allows the angles fighter to continue noselow on the following turn without losing so much altitude relative to the bogey. Attacking from below also discourages the bogey pilot from making a steep pull-up prior to the pass to make use of his excess energy, since such a pull-up would, at least temporarily, increase the attacker's angular advantage. In addition, overshooting the bogey's flight path from low to high is considerably less dangerous than overshooting from above, which invites the opponent to initiate a rolling scissors. Since the bogey will probably have an energy advantage after the first pass, the angles tactician should avoid participating in a rolling scissors. If the defender pulls up sharply at an overshoot and the angles fighter pilot judges he cannot get his aircraft's nose on the bogey quickly for a gun shot, a diving extension is called for to gain separation for an escape or a return under more favorable circumstances. Passing the bogey at time "4" with a good bite may offer the attacker a forward-quarter gun snapshot opportunity, which he should take. Being shot at places the opponent more deeply on the psychological defensive and should force a defensive reaction, which will bleed his aircraft's energy and possibly give the angles fighter greater advantage. The shooter may even get lucky and score some hits. An angular advantage at the pass also will likely cause the defender to lose sight temporarily as the angles fighter overshoots at six o'clock and flies toward the bogey's belly-side. In this situation there is a very strong tendency for the bogey pilot to reverse his turn direction to regain sight, which is exactly what the angles tactician would like. Such a reversal reinitiates a nose-to-nose condition in which the tighter turn radius and slower speed of the angles fighter should bring further gains at the next pass. If the bogey does not reverse at time "4," the angles fighter pilot should continue to press his advantage in the nose-to-tail direction, using alternate low and high yo-yos (Figures 2-7 and 2-6) to make repeated low-tohigh gun passes on the bogey, while making small angular gains on each pass. If this sequence continues, the attacker should eventually either score hits or force the defender into a reversal or zoom climb. Once at the enemy, you should not aspire just to strike him, but to cling after the attack. Miyamoto Musashi In Figure 3-2 (a continuation of the engagement begun in Figure 3-1), the bogey reverses and zooms at time "4" in a climbing oblique right turn. The angles fighter also pulls up sharply inside the opponent's turn and threatens a gun shot as the defender tops out at time "5." Because the angles fighter normally has less energy, it probably will not be able to reach the defender's altitude at time "5," but all that is required for a gun shot is that the shooter draw within effective guns range with lead. Without sufficient energy to zoom out of range, the bogey is forced into a defensive pull back down toward the attacker. Figure 3-3 shows the end-game of this engagement.
104 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIMILAR AIRCRAFT Figure 3-2. Guns-Only Angles Fight: Mid-Game From his position of advantage below and behind the bogey, the angles tactician at this point puts everything he's got into a lead turn to position for a snapshot as the target dives by at point-blank range and too slow to defend against the shot, time "6." An in-plane, "blind" lead turn is most effective for this purpose, but, as discussed previously, this tactic takes much practice and can be risky. Normally little is lost by turning slightly out-of-plane so that the target can be kept in view over one side of the angles fighter's nose. In the situation just described at time "6," the bogey should soon be cold meat. If the shot is missed, however, the situation could change rather rapidly. The angles fighter most likely will overshoot vertically at a lower energy level than that of the bogey. This may allow the bogey to escape or to force a rolling scissors, which would be to its advantage. Although there is probably not much that can be done at this point to prevent the bogey's escape, the angles tactician does need to be wary of the rolling scissors. At min-range he should perform a quarter roll away from the bogey and continue his pull-out. After safe separation has been gained, he can either reengage on neutral terms or escape. There's no kill like a guns kill. Lt. Commander Joe "Hoser" Satrapa, USN Gunnery Instructor The Energy Fight This tactic involves building an energy advantage and then converting that energy to a snapshot position. Figure 2-15 depicts one method by which an energy advantage may be used to generate vertical separation and a possi-
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
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CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
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X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
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Xll PREFACE current void of informa
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Acknowledgments Much of the credit
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Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
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4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
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Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
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8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
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10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
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12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
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14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
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16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
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18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
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20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
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22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
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24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
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26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
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28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
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30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
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32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
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34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
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36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
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38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
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40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
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42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
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44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
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46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
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48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
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50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
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Page 73 and 74: 54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
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Page 81 and 82: 2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
Page 83 and 84: 64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
Page 85 and 86: 66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
Page 87 and 88: 68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
Page 89 and 90: 70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
Page 91 and 92: 72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
Page 93 and 94: 74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
Page 95 and 96: 76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
Page 99 and 100: 80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
Page 101 and 102: 82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
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Page 113 and 114: 94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
Page 115 and 116: 96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
Page 117 and 118: 3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
Page 119 and 120: 100 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIM
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154 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
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1 70 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DI
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196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
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206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
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210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
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226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
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Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
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238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
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256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
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7 Division Tactics The essence of l
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268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
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270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
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272 DIVISION TACTICS "4." At time "
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274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
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276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
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278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
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280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
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282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
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284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
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286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
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288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
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8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
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292 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS seve
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294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
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296 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS beca
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298 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS I de
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300 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS post
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302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
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304 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS poss
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306 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS posi
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308 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS may
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310 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS inte
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312 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS A go
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314 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS doct
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Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
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318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
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320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
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322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
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324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
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326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
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328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
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330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
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332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
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334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
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336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
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338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
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340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major t
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342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
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344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
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10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
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348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
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350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
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352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
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356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If
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358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
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360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
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364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
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366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
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368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
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370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
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372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
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376 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS also have t
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378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
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380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
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382 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS be best for
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384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
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Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
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APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
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APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
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APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
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APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
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APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
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APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
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APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
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APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
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APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
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APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
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APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
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APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
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APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
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APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
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APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
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420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
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422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
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424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
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426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
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428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
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Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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