Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO 245 back toward the near bogey, which is forced to defend by turning into the attack, while the fighter on the right turns away from its bogey. This turn-away is intended to induce the right-hand bogey into turning away from its wingman by allowing it lateral separation and some offensive advantage. The bogey pilot sees a lot of fighter belly, the "Blue Max" flashes before his eyes, and he goes for what appears to be an easy kill against an enemy who apparently does not see him. The dragging pilot must time his turn-away very carefully so as not to give the bogey a decent shot at the pass (time "3"), considering its weapons capabilities. Meanwhile the bracketing pilot passes outside his bogey at time "3," then essentially ignores it and heads straight for the other bogey. Between times "4" and "5," the pilot of the dragging fighter continues to tempt the bogey pilot by holding him near, but preferably just outside, an effective firing envelope. Against a slower bogey, arcing is useful for this purpose because it allows the bogey to stay fairly close so that its pilot does not get disinterested and start looking around at what is going on. By time "5" the bogey has been suckered into a sandwich, with its wingman way off in left field and unable to render assistance. Following destruction of this bogey, the fighters can rejoin in a good defensive formation and either exit the fight or return to engage the remaining bogey. Although the drag can be a very useful device, it is in general more risky, and therefore less desirable, than the bracket. Intentional drags place one fighter at an unnecessary disadvantage while it serves as the "bait." This pilot could be in serious danger if his supporting wingman comes under attack and must defend himself or just becomes distracted and loses sight of the dragging fighter. There is also the possibility that the bogeys may not Figure 6-2. The Drag
246 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO fall for the ruse, and both of them might pounce on the bracketing fighter. In this case the dragger is often positioned poorly to offer immediate support. Good communications and coordination are required for this tactic, since it would be a disaster if both fighters decided to drag at the same time! Engaged Maneuvering Assuming no bogeys are eliminated in the initial attack and two-versustwo maneuvering is indicated, there remains the question of which tactical doctrine to employ. For the reasons stated earlier in this chapter, fighting wing doctrine holds little promise of success unless the bogeys can also be expected to use this tactic (or to operate as single, uncoordinated fighters) and can be beaten in a turning fight, considering opposing weapons, pilots, engagement conditions, etc. Either double attack or loose deuce can be employed in this scenario, but both require some modification. The question of which doctrine is the better of these two is guaranteed to generate some spirited discussions around the bar. In the last chapter a comparison between these two doctrines in the two-versus-one environment concluded that loose deuce was probably more effective in this scenario because of greater offensive efficiency. Such advantage, however, is not gained without costs, which in this case include increased training requirements, reduced defensive capability, and greater dependency on communications (and therefore greater vulnerability in comm-jam environments). In low- to medium-threat two-versus-one scenarios, the greatly enhanced offensive efficiency of loose deuce probably offsets these disadvantages. The two-versus-two scenario, however, might be considered merely a very high threat two-versus-one environment. It is unlikely, for example, that one bogey can be isolated and engaged in the classic loose deuce manner (as illustrated by Figure 5-10 in the last chapter) without interference from the free bogey. The same statement applies to double attack doctrine to an even greater extent (because it will probably take longer to destroy the engaged bogey), but at least the free fighter can be assigned to defend against any attack. Following an unsuccessful initial attack using double attack doctrine, the fighter with the better offensive advantage should engage one of the bogeys. The free-fighter pilot then assumes the responsibility of keeping visual track of the free bogey and covering the engaged fighter in the event of attacks from this or other (wild-card) bogeys. The pilot of the free fighter should avoid engagement if at all possible, but of course he must defend himself if he is attacked. In this case he must notify the engaged pilot of the situation and should try to disengage as quickly as possible to resume his covering responsibility. If the engaged fighter is threatened, the free-fighter pilot issues a warning and attacks the offending bogey. This attack, however, is not for the purpose of engaging, but rather for removing the threat to the engaged fighter. Rapid destruction of the attacking bogey is the goal, but simply causing its pilot to break off his attack is usually sufficient. Once this has been accomplished the free-fighter pilot should not press his attack further; doing so would usually be to the detriment of his defensive duties.
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Abbre
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CONTENTS Vll Single-Side Offset 353
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X PREFACE tactics varied greatly, a
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Xll PREFACE current void of informa
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Acknowledgments Much of the credit
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Abbreviations AAA anti-aircraft art
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Fighter Combat TACTICS AND MANEUVER
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2 FIGHTER WEAPONS although fixed to
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4 FIGHTER WEAPONS some firing range
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Table 1-1. American Aircraft Guns T
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8 FIGHTER WEAPONS angle is also dep
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10 FIGHTER WEAPONS the ballistics o
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12 HGHTER WEAPONS often bars of lig
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14 FIGHTER WEAPONS This system has
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16 FIGHTER WEAPONS required firing
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18 FIGHTER WEAPONS With a disturbed
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20 FIGHTER WEAPONS We were both fly
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22 FIGHTER WEAPONS The predictor LC
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24 FIGHTER WEAPONS The next best th
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26 FIGHTER WEAPONS tracking G, shor
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28 FIGHTER WEAPONS defender's inten
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30 FIGHTER WEAPONS and acrobatic ma
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32 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Propulsi
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34 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Guidance
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36 FIGHTER WEAPONS straight path. T
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38 FIGHTER WEAPONS target to correc
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40 FIGHTER WEAPONS sensor systems,
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42 FIGHTER WEAPONS Since CW radars
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44 FIGHTER WEAPONS Missile Fuzes Th
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46 FIGHTER WEAPONS prised of many i
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48 FIGHTER WEAPONS The maneuvering
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50 FIGHTER WEAPONS racy being about
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52 FIGHTER WEAPONS then slowing the
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54 FIGHTER WEAPONS Shooter and targ
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56 FIGHTER WEAPONS will exhibit lar
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58 FIGHTER WEAPONS (RWR), that an e
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60 FIGHTER WEAPONS barrel-rolling a
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2 Basic Fighter Maneuvers I fly clo
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64 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the comb
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66 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS himself
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68 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS speed ad
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70 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS pursuit
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72 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS Figure 2
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74 Figure 2-7. Low Yo-Yo BASIC FIGH
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76 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS The pote
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80 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS In case
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82 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS capitali
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84 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS one (the
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86 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS his exte
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90 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS the boge
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92 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS subseque
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94 Figure 2-22. Defensive Spiral BA
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96 BASIC FIGHTER MANEUVERS usually
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3 One-versus-One Maneuvering, Simil
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100 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, SIM
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140 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
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1 70 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DI
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Page 213 and 214: 194 ONE-VERSUS-ONE MANEUVERING, DIS
Page 215 and 216: 196 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 225 and 226: 206 SECTION TACTICS. TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 229 and 230: 210 SECTION TACTICS, TWO-VERSUS-ONE
Page 245 and 246: 226 SECTION TACTICS/ TWOVERSUS-ONE
Page 255 and 256: Section Tactics, Two-versus-Two The
Page 257 and 258: 238 SECTION TACTICS, TWOVERSUS-TWO
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Page 275 and 276: 256 SECTION TACTICS, TWC-VERSUS-TWO
Page 285 and 286: 7 Division Tactics The essence of l
Page 287 and 288: 268 DIVISION TACTICS design began t
Page 289 and 290: 270 DIVISION TACTICS so called beca
Page 291 and 292: 272 DIVISION TACTICS "4." At time "
Page 293 and 294: 274 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-8. Se
Page 295 and 296: 276 DIVISION TACTICS Lieutenant Eug
Page 297 and 298: 278 DIVISION TACTICS away, the free
Page 299 and 300: 280 DIVISION TACTICS cloud) is now
Page 301 and 302: 282 DIVISION TACTICS Figure 7-13. G
Page 303 and 304: 284 DIVISION TACTICS defensive look
Page 305 and 306: 286 DIVISION TACTICS In a dog-fight
Page 307 and 308: 288 DIVISION TACTICS Americans empl
Page 309 and 310: 8 Unlimited-Aircraft Tactics Of cou
Page 311 and 312: 292 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS seve
Page 313 and 314: 294 UN LIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS the
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296 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS beca
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298 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS I de
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300 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS post
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302 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS many
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304 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS poss
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306 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS posi
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308 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS may
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310 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS inte
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312 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS A go
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314 UNLIMITED-AIRCRAFT TACTICS doct
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Fighter Missions To use a fighter a
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318 FIGHTER MISSIONS Scenarios Sinc
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320 FIGHTER MISSIONS altitude, deta
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322 FIGHTER MISSIONS agency and the
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324 FIGHTER MISSIONS As previously
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326 FIGHTER MISSIONS cruise missile
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328 FIGHTER MISSIONS pattern gives
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330 FIGHTER MISSIONS have to coordi
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332 FIGHTER MISSIONS can be turned
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334 FIGHTER MISSIONS the enemy. Suc
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336 FIGHTER MISSIONS aircraft, and
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338 FIGHTER MISSIONS point for a di
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340 FIGHTER MISSIONS become major t
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342 Figure 9-3. Fighter-Escort Miss
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344 FIGHTER MISSIONS Figure 9-6. Fi
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10 Tactical Intercepts Confront the
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348 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Figure 10-1
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350 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS desired alt
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352 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS If the turn
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356 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS range). If
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358 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS ment, and t
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360 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Advantages
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364 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS leader thro
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366 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS immediate l
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368 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS awareness),
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370 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS and positio
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372 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS low, traili
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376 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS also have t
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378 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Visual Scan
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380 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS Likely thre
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382 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS be best for
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384 TACTICAL INTERCEPTS target on t
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Appendix Fighter Performance Perfor
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APPENDIX Figure A-l. V-n Diagram di
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APPENDIX 391 Figure A-2. Aircraft T
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APPENDIX 393 Figure A-4. Instantane
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APPENDIX 395 neuverability may be d
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APPENDIX 397 Figure A-7. Engine Thr
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APPENDIX 399 tends to reduce pressu
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APPENDIX 401 Figure A-11. Typical H
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APPENDIX 403 cause the Ps = 0 line
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APPENDIX 405 In theory the energy t
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APPENDIX 407 aircraft surfaces. In
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APPENDIX 409 Outside the zero-Ps li
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APPENDIX 411 factor," which is the
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APPENDIX 413 this condition occurs,
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APPENDIX 415 speed control. Many of
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APPENDIX 417 short or swept wings a
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420 BIBLIOGRAPHY Johnson, Robert S.
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422 INDEX Canard controls, 32, 398
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424 High yo-yo. See Yo-yo, high H-M
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426 INDEX Pursuit: curves and traje
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428 INDEX Turns (continued] 191, 20
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Fighter Combat - Tactics and Maneuvering

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