Caring for Pollinators - Bundesamt für Naturschutz

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Ssymank, Kearns, Pape & Thompson Fact sheet pollinators: Flies (Diptera) Fruits Spice-plants and vegetables: Acacia tortilis (Fabaceae); Umbrella Thorn Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum (Alliaceae); Leek Anacardium Cashew occidentale (Anacardiaceae); Allium cepa (Alliaceae); Onion Camellia sinensis (Theacaceae);Tea Plant Carum carvi (Apiaceae); Caraway Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae); Arabian Coffee Daucus carota (Apiaceae); Carot Fragaria x ananassa (Rosacaea); Strawberry Foeniculum vulgare (Apiaceae); Fennel Malus domestica (Rosaceae); Apple Lycopersicon (Solanaceae); Tomato Mangifera indica and M. foetida (Anacardi- Manihot dulcis and M. esculenta (Euphoraceae); Mango and Gray Mango biaceae); Sweat Cassava and Bitter Cassava Persea americana (Lauraceae); Avocado Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae); Parsley Pyrus communis (Rosaceae); Pear Theobroma cacao ssp. cacao (Sterculiaceae); Cacao Sinapis alba (Brassicaceae); Mustard In addition a number of medical plants and many ornamental plants are pollinated by flower flies. See also fact sheet for Flower flies. Flies and biodiversity of wild plants The contribution of flies to maintaining wild plant diversity is very high. They are often pre- sent in large numbers in a wide variety of different habitats where they visit or pollinate many different flowers. A study in Belgium showed that flower flies alone visited more than 700 plant species in 94 different families. Flies may be the most effective pollinators in some ecosystems, e.g., small flies may be the most important pollinators in the forest understory, particularly for shrubs with numerous small, inconspicuous and dioecious flowers Examples of plant families with many fly-visited or -pollinated species are: Alliaceae Caprifoliaceae Euphorbiaceae Polygonaceae Anacaridaceae Caryophyllaceae Geraniaceae Polygonaceae Apiaceae Celastraceae Hypericaceae Ranunculacae Araceae Chenopodiaceae Lauraceae Rosaceae Araliaceae Cistaceae Liliaceae Rubiaceae Asteraceae Convolvulaceae Malvaceae Salicaceae Berberidaceae Crassulaceae Mimosaceae Saxifragaceae Boraginaceae Cucurbitaceae Onagraceae Scophulariaceae Brassicaceae Cyperaceae Plantaginaceae Caesalpiniaceae Dipsacaceae Poaceae 157
Ssymank, Kearns, Pape & Thompson Fact sheet pollinators: Flies (Diptera) Specific remarks • Probably as little as 10% of fly species are named and described. Considerable research is needed to fill large gaps in current taxonomic knowledge. In addition, ap- plied research into Diptera as pollinators in agriculture and of wild plants is needed. • Diptera probably were among the first angiosperm pollinators and may have been in- strumental in early angiosperm radiation. • Mobility of species varies a lot, ranging from local territorial behaviour around a single bush to long distance migration. • Diptera visit many species of wild plants, but they are also important for pollination in greenhouses (Calliphoridae, Syrphidae) and for commercial seed production. Authors' addresses: Axel Ssymank, Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN, I.2.2, German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation), Konstantinstrasse 110, 53179 Bonn, Germany. E-mail: Ssymanka@bfn.de (Corresponding author). Carol Ann Kearns, Ph.D. Department of Biology, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara Univer- sity, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0268, USA. Thomas Pape, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK - 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark F. Christian Thompson, Systematic Entomology Lab., ARS, USDA, c/o Smithsonian Institu- tion MRC-0169, PO Box 37012, Washington, D. C. USA 20013-7012. 158
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Caring for Pollinators Safeguarding
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Cover picture: Fruit basket with it
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Vorwort Blütenbestäuber nehmen ei
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L.E. NEWSTROM-LLOYD, J. COOPER, N.J
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Ssymank, Hamm, Vischer-Leopold & Wi
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Ssymank, Hamm, Vischer-Leopold & Wi
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Collette International Perspektive
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Dias The Brazilian Pollinators Init
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Roubik Small bees have a big job 2.
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Roubik Small bees have a big job Au
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Ssymank & Kearns Flies - Pollinator
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Ruggiero, Adams, Saraiva North and
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Gikungu, Hagen, Kraemer An overview
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Steffan-Dewenter Pollinator decline
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