Caring for Pollinators - Bundesamt für Naturschutz

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Ssymank & Kearns Flies – Pollinators on two wings Fig. 17 (◄): Mango trees (Mangifera indica) represent an important tropical crop on local markets with a complex pollinator system involving many flower flies. 43 Fig. 18: The flower fly Asarkina madecassa is an endemic flower fly visiting Mango-flowers in Madagascar. Flower flies are among the most important pollinating insect groups other than bees (Apidae), pollinating and visiting a number of tropical fruits such as Mango (Mangifera indica, Fig. 18, 19), Capsicum annuum and Piper nigrum. They also visit a number of spices and vegetable plants of the family Apiaceae like fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), caraway (Carum carvi), kitchen onions (Allium cepa), parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and carrots (Daucus carota). Most people are aware that bees are vital for the pollination of flowers. Fewer people realize that flies are second in importance to bees as pollinating insects. Compared to bees, which must provision a nest with floral food, adult flies have low energy requirements. Although this makes flies less devoted to the task of moving quickly between flowers, it also frees them to bask in flowers and remain active at low temperatures. Conditions affecting bee populations can be quite different from those affecting fly populations due to the great difference in larval requirements. Most entomophilous flowers are visited by multiple types of insects. Since insect populations fluctuate temporally, the relative importance of a particular pollinator to a flower is likely to vary with time. Many types of flies have few hairs when compared to bees, and pollen is less likely to adhere to the body surface. But under conditions when bees are scarce, an inefficient pollinator is better than none. Higher flight activities of flies may well compensate lower pollen carrying capacity. Even in cases where honeybees are abundant on flowers and specialised bees like Megachile lapponica on Epilobium angustifolium are foraging, flower flies (Syrphidae) can be the most effective pollinators producing the highest seed set (Kühn et al. 2006).
Ssymank & Kearns Flies – Pollinators on two wings Fig. 19: Prosoeca peringueyi, a fly of the family Nemestrinidae with extremely long proboscis foraging on Lapeirousia pyramidalis subsp. regalis on flowers in Iris family, South Africa. Fig. 20: Some harmless flower flies like this Temnostoma meridionale display a remarkable wasp mimicry in coloration and behaviour. 4. Flower flies (Syrphidae) as pollinators and in biocontrol Flower flies (Syrphidae) represent a large family of flies with a double role in ecosystems: adults are mostly flower visitors and of high importance for pollination services, while about 40 % of the world’s species have zoophagous larvae contributing to biocontrol in agriculture and forestry. The family of flower flies has approximately 6000 named species in 200 genera worldwide. They occur in almost every terrestrial habitat, from dunes, salt marsh, heath lands, bogs, all grassland ecosystems, scrub and forest-ecosystems, from low altitudes up to glacial moraine fields. They are represented in all zoogeographic regions of the world. Flower flies as pollinators have a wide range of adaptations for visiting different flower types, including proboscis lengths from 1mm to almost body length (with 11 mm for example in Rhingia, Ssymank 1991), enabling them to exploit deep corollas of zygomorphic flowers. Flower flies visit large numbers of different plant species. For example in Germany more than 600 plant species are visited (Ssymank unpubl. data) and in Belgium more than 700 plant species (De Buck 1990, 1993). Regional studies in Europe (Ssymank 2001) showed 44
Page 1 and 2: Caring for Pollinators Safeguarding
Page 3 and 4: Cover picture: Fruit basket with it
Page 5 and 6: Vorwort Blütenbestäuber nehmen ei
Page 7 and 8: L.E. NEWSTROM-LLOYD, J. COOPER, N.J
Page 9 and 10: Ssymank, Hamm, Vischer-Leopold & Wi
Page 11 and 12: Ssymank, Hamm, Vischer-Leopold & Wi
Page 13 and 14: Collette International Perspektive
Page 19 and 20: Dias The Brazilian Pollinators Init
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Page 47 and 48: Ssymank & Kearns Flies - Pollinator
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Page 63 and 64: Gikungu, Hagen, Kraemer An overview
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Steffan-Dewenter Pollinator decline
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Ssymank Highlights - Zusammenfassun
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Programme: 18:15 h Opening by AXEL
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Hamm Fact sheet pollinators: Hymeno
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Hamm Fact sheet pollinators: Hymeno
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Hamm Fact sheet pollinators: Bees (
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Hamm & Wittmann Fact sheet pollinat
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Hamm Fact sheet pollinators: Beetle
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Schuchmann Fact sheet pollinators:
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Tschapka Fact sheet pollinators: Ba
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Literature CANE, J., H. (2001): Hab
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Literature HAGEN, E. VON (1994): Hu
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MICHENER, C.D. (2000): The bees of
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Literature THERY, M., STEVENS, A.-D
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Links International Pollinators Ini
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Caring for Pollinators - Bundesamt für Naturschutz

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