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5204 Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. Tran JH, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC (2005). Interaction of the plasmidencoded quinolone resistance protein Qnr with E. coli DNA gyrase. Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 49(1): 118–125. Tran JH, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC (2005). Interaction of the plasmidencoded quinolone resistance protein QnrA with E. coli topoisomerase VI. Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 49(7): 3050–3052. Wang M, Jacoby GA, Mills DM, Hooper DC (2009). SOS Regulation of qnrB Expression. Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 53(2): 821–823. Wang M, Tran JH, Jacoby GA, Zhang Y, Wang F, Hooper DC (2003). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of E. coli from Shanghai, China. Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 47(7): 2242–2248.
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 6(24), pp.5205-5209, 28 June, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR DOI: 10.5897/AJMR12.059 ISSN 1996-0808 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Analysis of bacteria associated with Acropora solitaryensis by culture-dependent and -independent methods Liu Z. H. 1,2 , Chen W. 1,2 , Gao L. 1,2 , Zhao JJ 1,2 , Ren C.H. 1 , Hu C. Q. 1 and Chen C. 1,2 * 1 The Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization(LMB), South China Sea Institution of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou, 501301, China. 2 The Ocean Observation and Research Station at XiSha Island, South China Sea Institution of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. 3 The graduate school of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China. Accepted 23 February, 2012 Diversity of bacteria associated with Acropora solitaryensis, the main species in Hermatypic corals of XiSha Island, was investigated using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods (denature gradient gel electrophoresis, DGGE). It shows rich diversity of coral-associated bacteria with abundant novel species or genus. However, the diversity gained by the two methods was different. Among the bacteria identified by DGGE, XSLJ4 (Psychrobacter sp. KOPRI 25503), XSLJ6 (Rhizobium sp.), XSLJ11, (Uncultured Pseudomonadales), XSLJ12 (Ochrobactrum sp. Yw28) and XSLJ 13 (Ochrobactrum sp. B10B)are the predominant species, while the vibrios were the predominant ones identified by bacterial culture method. Key words: Acropora solitaryensis, diversity of bacterium denature gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). INTRODUCTION Coral reefs, known as the oasis in desert and tropical rainforest in sea for its biodiversity and high productivity (Bjornsen et al., 1991; Rohwer et al., 2002; Rosenberg et al., 2007). However, due to the global warming and human activity, survival of coral reefs are faced with serious threat (Rosenberg et al., 2002, Luna et al., 2007). Wilkinson (2008) reported that, by 2008, the area of global coral reefs has been reduced by 19%, and nearly 35% of coral reefs were in emergency or dangerous state. It is controversial how this global destruction of coral reefs occurred, but more and more evidence has pointed to the micro-organisms associated with coral reefs (Kushmaro et al., 1998; Ben-Haim et al., 1999, 2003; Barash et al., 2005). As the largest creature of the world, coral reef is a giant symbiont called “holobiont” *Corresponding author. E-mail: chen.chang@scsio.ac.cn. Tel: (+86)18620006618. which contained large, diverse and specific population of microorganisms (Siboni et al., 2008; Thurber et al., 2009). In addition to the algae of zooxanthellae, bacteria, archaea and eukaryote as well as viruses are all involved in construction of the holobiont. Among them, diverse bacteria are extensively distributed in the coral reefs in a species specific, tissue specific and location unspecific manner (Gast et al., 1998). Moreover, over 99% of bacteria in the coral reef are unculturable and many novel species were identified, but the roles of these bacteria in coral health and disease are largely unknown (Rohwer et al., 2001). It has become an intriguing topic for the microbiologists and substantial progress has been made in recent years. This paper attempts to use culture-dependant and culture-independent (DGGE) techniques to explore and analyse bacteria diversity of Acropora solitaryensis, that is, the main species in Hermatypic corals of XiSha, laying the foundation for the future research of coral bacterial diseases.
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African Journal of Microbiology Res
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Editors Prof. Dr. Stefan Schmidt Ap
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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nces Table of Contents: Volume 6 Nu
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Table 1. Overview of the Soil prope
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exactly. MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN ORGAN
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Table 3. Advantages and disadvantag
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analysis of polymerase chain reacti
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Enzyme assay Triplicate samples of
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Figure 2. Effect of a) incubation t
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Table 2. Plasmid profile. Emerenini
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Table 1. Properties and identity of
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more understandable by the fact tha
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fertilizers considered the most imp
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Table 3. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 4. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 5. Effect of NPK levels and f
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with mineral NPK on wheat plant. Eg
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to synthetic antibiotics. In spite
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Among these, the K. pneumonia and V
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Figure 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa An
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pathogens of their environment (She
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cultivable indigenous fishes of Ind
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Table 1. Oxidative stress parameter
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of tularemia. Ann N Y Acad. Sci., 1
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al., 1998; Heubuelt 1929) have alre
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Table 2. Influence of organic compo
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NO2 NO2 Zare et al. 5131 Figure 4.
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Sundermeyer-Klinger H, Meyer W, War
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Table 1. Composition of Mueller-Hin
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dose level, and is effective antibi
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wearing a mask is useful during the
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Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1
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that it produces lactic acid, bacte
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Figure 2. DMRT Graph, effect of var
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Bacillus colony Fig 1. Colony morph
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thuringiensis isolate S1 (Figure 6)
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Page 91 and 92: Figure 1. The Kinetic of P. aerugin
Page 93 and 94: Figure 3. DNA-dosimeter determined
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Page 97 and 98: Conclusion The public health risk i
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Page 101 and 102: Table 2. Distribution of Nosocomial
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Page 105 and 106: Table 1. List of decamers used in R
Page 107 and 108: Figure 2. RAPD profile of Fusarium
Page 111 and 112: Table 1. Biosurfactant production p
Page 113 and 114: Figure 3. The correlation of reduct
Page 117 and 118: To estimate the water content, stra
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Page 121 and 122: log CFU/g log CFU/g log CFU/g 8.5 7
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Page 127 and 128: protein. DISCUSSION 70 kda 60 kda 5
Page 131 and 132: Percentage repellency (%) Percentag
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Page 135 and 136: Table 1. Primers used for PCR and s
Page 137 and 138: Table 3. Amino acid substitutions i
Page 139: composition in qnrB alleles. Althou
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Page 147 and 148: Table 1. primer information: sequen
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Table 6. Sporulation of Alternaria
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Table 7. Reaction of different geno
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Table 2. Susceptibility of the clin
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Table 4. Aminoglycoside resistance
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Young, and the Councils on Clinical
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oleaginous microorganisms have been
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Table 2. Actual and predicted value
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Table 4. Analysis of variance (ANOV
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Huang et al. 5273 Figure 3. Respons
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the Central Universities (Grant No.
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Figure 1. Mechanism of enzymatic co
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Enzymatic activity (U/mL) Enzymatic
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prunin so far. By using the HPLC me
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Figure 7. Enzymatic conversion of n
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vaccine, HBs-Ab is negative in all
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