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5254 Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. Figure 2. Variability in wet and dry mycelial weight of A. brassicae isolates on different media. ranged from 25 to 30°C and 15 to 35°C for mycelia growth and sporulation, respectively. The enormous disparity available among only twenty two isolates of A. brassicae also indicates their ability to adapt to varied climatic situations. These findings are supported by Singh et al. (2007), who also found variability among different A. brassicae isolates of different geographical origin for temperature requirement. Further, the higher temperature and RH being favourable for Berhampore isolate could be related with climatic condition of the West Bengal state, where temperature and RH during rapeseed-mustard crop season is generally higher than other geographical regions in India (Table 1). Cultural characteristic of A. brassicae isolates Isolates of A. brassicae showed variable cultural characteristics varied from regular to irregular, cottony white, dark green to light brown mycelial growth and based on characteristics, all A. brassicae isolates could be grouped into four colony types. Group 1 isolates produced white to pale gray or apricot orange colonies with a cottony texture. Tufts of sterile white hyphae were present at the center of the colony. Group 2 isolates produced dark olive gray to iron gray colonies with wavy or torn margin and fluffy to woolly colony texture. Group 3 isolates produced pale olive gray to olive gray colonies, often with a very thin (1 to 2 mm) white margin with woolly to cottony colony texture. Diffusible pigments absent, although all isolates produced whitish crystals in agar medium underneath the mycelial mat and some produced crystals in great abundance. Group 4 consisted of colonies showed lettuce green to olive green and usually had a prominent (2 to 5 mm) white margin. Colony texture was fulfy to woolly. This group did not produce diffusible pigments, but about half of the isolates produced whitish crystals in the agar medium underneath the mycelial mat. Effect of culture media Different test synthetic broth media showed profound variation in wet biomass of mycelium of A. brassicae isolates infecting rapeseed-mustard. Maximum wet mycelial biomass of A. brassicae isolates (BAB 48, BAB 42, BAB, 40 and BAB 44) was recorded in Elliot‟s medium, followed by Brown‟s medium, Czapeck‟s medium. However, least mycelial wet biomass was observed for all isolates in Asthana and Howker‟s medium. Maximum dry mycelial biomass of A. brassicae isolates (BAB 50, BAB 19, BAB, 49 and BAB 42) was recorded in Czapeck‟s medium followed by Elliot‟s medium. However, least mycelial dry weight was observed for all isolates in Brown‟s medium and Asthana and Hawker‟s medium (Figure 2). Maximum sporulation was observed in BAB 28 followed by BAB-18 isolate in Eilliot‟s, Richard‟s and Asthana and Howker‟s medium. Brown‟s medium showed no sporulation in all isolates. However, Asthana and Howker‟s medium showed good sporulation in almost all the isolates (Table 6). Poor sporulation of A. brassicae in different synthetic media indicated that the fungus require some organic sources of nutrition for better growth and sporulation. Fungicide sensitivity among isolates Maximum per cent mycelial growth inhibition over control at 200 ppm concentration was observed in metalaxyl +
Table 6. Sporulation of Alternaria brassicae isolates on different culture media. Meena et al. 5255 Isolates Brown's Eilliot's Asthana and Howker's Czapek’s Richard’s BAB-02 - + ++ + - BAB-04 - ++ + ++ +++ BAB-06 - + + + - BAB-08 - + ++ + - BAB-18 - ++++ ++ ++ ++ BAB-19 - - + - + BAB-20 - - ++++ + ++ BAB-23 - - ++ + + BAB-28 - ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ BAB-29 - + + + - BAB-30 - - ++ + ++ BAB-39 - - ++ - - BAB-40 - - ++ + + BAB-41 - ++ + + - BAB-42 - - + + +++ BAB-43 - + - - + BAB-44 - + ++ + + BAB-45 - + - - + BAB-47 - + + + + BAB-48 - + + + - BAB-49 - - +++ + - BAB-50 - ++ + ++ +++ Mycelial growth inhibition (%) Figure 3. Fungicide sensitivity of A. brassicae isolates at 200 ppm concentration. mancozeb fungicide with a wide variation ranged from 8.9 percent (BAB- 41) to 92.5% (BAB-48). While at 500 ppm, growth inhibition was in carbendazim fungicide with a wide variation ranged from 8.9% (BAB- 41) to 92.5% (BAB-48). However, fungicide carbendazim provided least mycelial growth inhibition over control ranged from 2.6 (BAB-44) to 86.1% (BAB-08). Isolates, BAB-44, BAB- Mancozeb kvistin 45, BAB-19, BAB-41, BAB-40, BAB-50 and BAB-23 were found sensitive to fungicides which showed similar response against all four test fungicides in inhibiting mycelial growth. Isolates viz., BAB-08, BAB-18, BAB-47, BAB-20, BAB-39 and BAB-48 were found highly resistant to test fungicides, seems to be highly virulent (Figure 3), Based on the mycelial growth in fungicide assay at 500
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African Journal of Microbiology Res
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Editors Prof. Dr. Stefan Schmidt Ap
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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nces Table of Contents: Volume 6 Nu
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Table 1. Overview of the Soil prope
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exactly. MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN ORGAN
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Table 3. Advantages and disadvantag
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analysis of polymerase chain reacti
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Enzyme assay Triplicate samples of
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Figure 2. Effect of a) incubation t
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Table 2. Plasmid profile. Emerenini
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Table 1. Properties and identity of
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more understandable by the fact tha
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fertilizers considered the most imp
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Table 3. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 4. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 5. Effect of NPK levels and f
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with mineral NPK on wheat plant. Eg
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to synthetic antibiotics. In spite
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Among these, the K. pneumonia and V
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Figure 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa An
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pathogens of their environment (She
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cultivable indigenous fishes of Ind
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Table 1. Oxidative stress parameter
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of tularemia. Ann N Y Acad. Sci., 1
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al., 1998; Heubuelt 1929) have alre
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Table 2. Influence of organic compo
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NO2 NO2 Zare et al. 5131 Figure 4.
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Sundermeyer-Klinger H, Meyer W, War
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Table 1. Composition of Mueller-Hin
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dose level, and is effective antibi
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wearing a mask is useful during the
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Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1
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that it produces lactic acid, bacte
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Figure 2. DMRT Graph, effect of var
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Bacillus colony Fig 1. Colony morph
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thuringiensis isolate S1 (Figure 6)
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Figure 1. The Kinetic of P. aerugin
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Figure 3. DNA-dosimeter determined
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Relative Fluorescence Unit Figure 4
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Conclusion The public health risk i
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general are members of the normal i
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Table 2. Distribution of Nosocomial
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and also to assess the influence of
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Table 1. List of decamers used in R
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Figure 2. RAPD profile of Fusarium
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Table 1. Biosurfactant production p
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Figure 3. The correlation of reduct
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To estimate the water content, stra
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Kraiem et al. 5183 Table 2. Effect
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log CFU/g log CFU/g log CFU/g 8.5 7
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delays to cooling and wrapping on s
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pilus (tcp) that is a subtle of pol
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protein. DISCUSSION 70 kda 60 kda 5
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Percentage repellency (%) Percentag
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Fumigant toxicity of essential oils
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Table 1. Primers used for PCR and s
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Table 3. Amino acid substitutions i
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Page 217 and 218: prunin so far. By using the HPLC me
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