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5284 Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. extract of Prunus davidiana stems and its main component, Prunin. Planta Med., 57: 208-211. Choi JS, Yokozawa T, Oura H (1991b). Antihyperlipidemic effect of flavonoids from Prunus Davidiana. J. Nat. Prod., 54: 218-224. Ekambaram G, Rajendran P, Magesh V, Sakthisekaran D (2008). Naringenin reduces tumor size and weight lost in n-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine–induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats . Nutr. Res., 28: 106-112. Fox DW, Savage WL, Wender SH (1953). Hydrolysis of some flavonoid rhamnoglycosides to flavonoid glucosides. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 75: 2504-2505. Gordon PB, Holen I, Seglen PO (1995). Protection by naringin and some other flavonoids of hepatocytic autophagey and endocytosis against inhibition by okadaic acid. J. Biol. Chem., 270: 5830-5838. Heim KE, Tagliaferro AR, Bobilya DJ (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. J. Nutr. Biochem., 13: 572–584. Kaul TN, Middleton EJrMD, Ogra PL (1985). Antiviral effects of flavonoids on human viruses. J. Med. Virol.,15: 71-79. Kaur A, Singh S, Singh RS, Schwarz WH, Puri M (2010). Hydrolysis of citrus peel naringin by recombinant α-L-rhamnosidase from Clostridium stercorarium. J. Chem. Technol. Biot., 85: 1419–1422. Laemmli UK (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, 277: 680-685. Manzanares P, de Graff LH, Visser J (1997). Purification and characterization of an α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus niger. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 157: 279-283. Martin MJ, Marhuenda E, Perez GC, France JM (1994). Antiulcer effect of naringin on gastric lesions induced by ethanol in rats. Pharmacology, 49: 144–150. Parmar NS (1983). The gastric anti-ulcer activity of naringenin, a specific histidine decarboxylase inhibitor. Intl. J. Tissue React., 5: 415–420. Pel HJ, de Winde JH, Archer DB, Dyer PS, Hofmann G, Schaap PJ (2007). Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88. Nat. Biotechnol., 25: 221-231. Puri M (2012). Updates on naringinase: structural and biotechnological aspects. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 93: 49-60. Puri M, Kalra S (2005). Purification and characterization of naringinase from a newly isolated strain of Aspergillus niger 1344 for transformation of flavonoids. W. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 21: 753-758. Puri M, Marwaha SS, Kothari RM (1996). Studies on the applicability of alginate-entrapped naringiase for the debittering of kinnow juice. Enzyme Microb. Tech., 18: 281-285. Ribeiro IA, Ribeiro MHL (2008). Naringin and naringenin determination and control in grapefruit juice by a validated HPLC method. Food Control, 19: 432–438. Ribeiro MH (2011). Naringinases: occurrence, characteristics, and applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 90: 1883-1895. Roitner M, Schalkhammer TH, Pittner F (1984). Preparation of prunin with the help of immobilized naringinase pretreated with alkaline buffer. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 9: 483-488. Romero C, Manjon A, Bastida J, Iborra JL (1985). A method for assaying rhamnosidase activity of naringinase. Anal. Biochem., 149: 566-571. So FV, Guthrie N, Chambers AF, Moussa M, Carroll KK (1996). Inhibition of human breast cancer cell proliferation and delay of mammary tumorigenesis by flavonoids and citrus juices. Nutr. Cancer, 26: 167–181. Soria F, Ellenrieder G (2002). Thermal inactivation and product inhibition of Aspergillus terreus CECT 2663 α-L-rhamnosidase and their role on hydrolysis of naringin solutions. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 66: 1442-1449. Spagna G, Barbagallo RN, Martino A, Pifferi PG (2000). A Simple method of purifying glycosidases: α-L-rhamnopyranosidase from Aspergillus niger to increase the aroma of Moscato wine. Enzyme Microb. Tech., 27: 522-530. Tommasini S. Calabrò ML, Raneri D, Ficarra P, Ficarra R (2004). Combined effect of pH and polysorbates with cyclodextrins on solubilization of naringenin. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 3: 327–333. Yadav V, Yadav PK, Yadav S, Yadav KDS (2010). α-L-Rhamnosidase: a review. Process Biochem., 45: 1226-1235. Yoshikazu K, Kayoko I, Fujio E (1973). α-L-rhamnosidase of the live of Turbo cornutus and Aspergillus niger. J. Biochem., 73: 31-37.
African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 6(24), pp.5285-5287, 28 June, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJMR DOI: 10.5897/AJMR11.1110 ISSN 1996-0808 ©2012 Academic Journals Short Communication Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C among hemodialysis and thalassemic patients in a special medical center in East Tehran in 2011 Mohammad Aminianfar 1 *, Ali-Asghar Saidi 1 , Alireza Fallah 2 and Amin Barghi 3 1 Department of Infectious and Tropical disease, Medical Faculty, Army University of Medical Science, Be'sat Hospital, Tehran, Iran. 2 Special Medical Center in East of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 3 Young Researchers Club, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran. Accepted 23 April, 2012 The blood born transmitted viral hepatitis occurs after frequent blood infusions among patients with thalassaemia and hemodialysis disease, and in a large number of these patients severe and chronic liver disease developed. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C serology among hemodialysis and thalassemic patients in a special medical center in East of Tehran in 2011. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed on 62 patients (49 hemodialysis and 13 thalassemic patients) in the same center. Initially, demographic information and data associated with possible risk factor were collected for each patient followed by testing blood samples for presence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV-Ab), anti-hepatitis B virus antibody (anti-HCV-Ab), and other serologic tests. By using SPSS software, t test and chi-square statistics data were analyzed. Anti-HCV- Ab (ELISA) was positive in 4 patients (6.1%). Confirmation of positive samples was carried out using HCV RNA PCR but the results in all patients (100%) were negative. Serologic markers of hepatitis B such as hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs-Ab) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)HBc-Ab were negative in all patients. Regarding the current practice of safe blood-transfusion program in our country, it is concluded that eliminating of risk factors and the use of screening tests with higher sensitivity could be among the key elements in controlling the prevalence of HCV/HBs infection among thalassemia/hemodialysis patients. Serologic markers of hepatitis B and C should be evaluated in periodic manner and HCV-RNA PCR should be evaluated yearly in all patients, because defect of cellular and humoral immune system could be present in these patients. Key words: Prevalence, thalassemia/hemodialysis patients, hepatitis B and C. INTRODUCTION According to significant increase in the number of patients with hemodialysis, infection control and maintain good quality of life in these patients is important. However, with regard to increasing number of these individuals, percentage of people with hepatitis B and C has decreased. On the other hand, thalassemic patients due to the frequent blood infusion are at risk of hepatitis *Corresponding author. E-mail: m_aminianfar@yahoo.com. Tel: +98 21 39955650. Fax: +98 2133240308. (Alavian et al., 2003; Alter, 1997). In America, according to WHO records 6.1% of people have hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. But in the Iranian population less than 200,000 (less than 1%) persons have HCV (Alavian et al, 2005). In Iran before 1996, due to repeated transfusions, the risk of hepatitis C is 12.5 times higher today in thalassemic patients (Kabir et al., 2006). 20 to 40% of thalassemic patients have HCV infection (Mirmomen et al., 2006). A study in 2004 in the Rasht (city in north of Iran) showed that HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) is positive in 25% of thalassemic patients, in another study in 2001 in the Qazvin and Semnan, 24.2 and 39% of these patients,
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African Journal of Microbiology Res
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Editors Prof. Dr. Stefan Schmidt Ap
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Electronic submission of manuscript
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Fees and Charges: Authors are requi
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nces Table of Contents: Volume 6 Nu
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Table of Contents: Volume 6 Number
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Table 1. Overview of the Soil prope
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exactly. MICROBIAL BIOMASS IN ORGAN
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Table 3. Advantages and disadvantag
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analysis of polymerase chain reacti
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Enzyme assay Triplicate samples of
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Figure 2. Effect of a) incubation t
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Table 2. Plasmid profile. Emerenini
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Table 1. Properties and identity of
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more understandable by the fact tha
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fertilizers considered the most imp
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Table 3. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 4. Effect of NPK levels and s
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Table 5. Effect of NPK levels and f
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with mineral NPK on wheat plant. Eg
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to synthetic antibiotics. In spite
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Among these, the K. pneumonia and V
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Figure 5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa An
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pathogens of their environment (She
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cultivable indigenous fishes of Ind
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Table 1. Oxidative stress parameter
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of tularemia. Ann N Y Acad. Sci., 1
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al., 1998; Heubuelt 1929) have alre
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Table 2. Influence of organic compo
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NO2 NO2 Zare et al. 5131 Figure 4.
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Sundermeyer-Klinger H, Meyer W, War
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Table 1. Composition of Mueller-Hin
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dose level, and is effective antibi
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wearing a mask is useful during the
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Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1
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that it produces lactic acid, bacte
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Figure 2. DMRT Graph, effect of var
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Bacillus colony Fig 1. Colony morph
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thuringiensis isolate S1 (Figure 6)
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Figure 1. The Kinetic of P. aerugin
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Figure 3. DNA-dosimeter determined
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Relative Fluorescence Unit Figure 4
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Conclusion The public health risk i
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general are members of the normal i
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Table 2. Distribution of Nosocomial
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and also to assess the influence of
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Table 1. List of decamers used in R
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Figure 2. RAPD profile of Fusarium
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Table 1. Biosurfactant production p
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Figure 3. The correlation of reduct
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To estimate the water content, stra
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Kraiem et al. 5183 Table 2. Effect
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log CFU/g log CFU/g log CFU/g 8.5 7
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delays to cooling and wrapping on s
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pilus (tcp) that is a subtle of pol
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protein. DISCUSSION 70 kda 60 kda 5
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Percentage repellency (%) Percentag
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Fumigant toxicity of essential oils
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Table 1. Primers used for PCR and s
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Table 3. Amino acid substitutions i
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composition in qnrB alleles. Althou
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Figure 1. Overview the Yongxing isl
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standard, XSLJ1, XSLJ2, XSLJ5, XSLJ
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Table 1. primer information: sequen
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conventional method. The reasons fo
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Figure 1. Comparison of amplificati
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Table 3. Fruiting-body formation an
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Yokoyama E, Yamagishi K, Hara A (20
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Table 1. Primer oligonucleotide seq
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Figure 2. Nucleotide and putative a
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Figure 6. Ghrelin expression induce
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Table 1. The SNPs related to the pr
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