Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

Table 2: Benefits and economic dimension of sustainable sanitation. Personal-level perspective (compiled from Hutton, 2001; Hutton et al., 2007; Rosemarin et al. 2008)
Effect
category
Effect description
Health Less morbidity and mortality
Socioeconomic
Economic
dimension?
Yes. However,
not included due
to lack of data.
Examples of averted costs
person/year in Africa in EUR
Saved health care costs Yes 0.46
Saved transport costs to health service Yes 0.03
Saved expenditure for food/drinks Yes 0.12
Saved opportunity costs of time: Time gained due to less
sickness (adults and school children), saved carer time
(for children under 5 yrs.)
Saved opportunity costs of time due to improved access
to facilities
Yes 1.86
Fertiliser value Yes 4.59
Improved environmental quality
-
Sustainable sanitation
Comments Source
Can for instance be measured in DALYs. Data was not
available
30% cases of diarrhoea would visit a health facility
whereof 8.2% are hospitalised the average of 5 days.
50% of people visiting a health facility use transport
involving costs.
The cases that visit a health facility or are hospitalised
have to pay for food and drinks.
The GNI is taken as reference. Adults (15< yrs.) gain 2
days (100% GNI), school children (5-15 yrs.) gain 3 days
(100% GNI), infants (5>) gain 5 days (50% GNI)
Yes 20.99 4.24 day are saved due to better access (100% GNI)
Yes. However,
not measured
-
Average value of nutrients excreted per person and year
in Uganda with 50% atmospherical losses of nitrogen.
Can for instance, be measured by
applying the willingness to pay approach.
Hutton et al. 2007,
p. 484
cf. Hutton et al.,
2007, p. 485;
Mulligan et al., 2005
cf. Hutton et al.,
2007, p. 485
cf. Hutton et al.,
2007, p. 485
cf. Hutton et al.,
2007, p. 486
cf. Hutton et al.,
2007, p. 492
Joensson et al.,
2004; Drechsel et
al., 2004
Hutton, 2001
Social Increased privacy Not measurable - -
Rosemarin et al.,
2008, p. 34
Increased dignity Not measurable - -
Rosemarin et al.,
2008, p. 34
Improved safety Not measurable - -
Rosemarin et al.,
2008, p. 34
Perceived environmental quality improved Not measurable - - Hutton, 2001, p. 344
Gender
Relief for women, as they are mostly engaged with
water, sanitation and hygiene in a family and suffer
under unimproved sanitation (e.g. large distance)
Not measurable - -
Rosemarin et al.,
2008, p. 34
Political
Potential to raise votes (among others, from women,
since they are often engaged with water sanitation and
hygiene and represent half of the votes)
Not measurable - -
Rosemarin et al.,
2008, p. 34
Total averted costs per person and year (not comprehensive) 28.06
Total costs of providing universal basic access to water supply and
sanitation
6.42
BCR 4.37
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