Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

List of Figures
Figure 1: Development of the global urban-, rural- and slum- population ............................... 6
Figure 2: Number of undernourished people per region, in 2010 ............................................ 7
Figure 3: Number of undernourished people in the world, 1969 to 2015 ................................ 8
Figure 4: Global average prices of: wheat, rice, maize, fertilisers and fuel ............................10
Figure 5: Country specific nutrient concentration in excreta per person, per year ..................11
Figure 6: Transmission pathways of diarrhoeal diseases .......................................................14
Figure 7: Worldwide use of improved sanitation facilities in 2008 ........................................15
Figure 8: Conventional sanitation ladder ...............................................................................16
Figure 9: Source separating toilets. .......................................................................................20
Figure 10: The ISWM model for sanitation ...........................................................................27
Figure 11: Stakeholders and the two level approach to the interviews ...................................32
Figure 12: Kampala and the locations of interviews and focus group discussions ..................40
Figure 13: Logistics system for urine reuse ‗System A‘ ........................................................58
Figure 14: Cost constituent comparison of the urine logistic scenarios ..................................61
Figure 15: Logistics system for urine and faeces reuse ‗System B‘ .......................................63
Figure 16: Cost constituent comparison of the urine and faeces logistic scenarios .................66
List of Tables
Table 1: Leading causes of burden of disease in DALYs, in 2004 .........................................13
Table 2: Benefits and economic dimension of sustainable sanitation .....................................24
Table 3: Code System ...........................................................................................................36
Table 4: Summary of stakeholder positions (stakeholder selection) .......................................51
Table 5: Economic overview of the urine logistics (system A) ..............................................60
Table 6: Economic overview of the urine and faeces logistics (system B) .............................65
Table 7: Sensitivity analysis of system A ..............................................................................68
Table 8: Sensitivity analysis of system B ..............................................................................69
List of Boxes
Box 1: Linear and circular nutrient flows ............................................................................... 9
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