Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

Case Study Kampala
decentralised onsite sanitation (cf. chapter 6.1.1.1). If resources allow expenses for toilets,
they are constructed by the landlords or residents themselves; KCC is offering advice,
subsidised emptying service (six, plus 13 recently purchased trucks) and is responsible for law
enforcement. Advice and emptying is also provided by the PEA with 35 trucks. The PEA
considers itself as having the biggest share in the market.
During the interviews a lack of presence of community health officers or ―people from KCC‖
for advisory services was reported and the law enforcement is commented to be deficient.
6.1.3.2 Logistics of human excreta
Besides the interview with a PEA representative, two additional interviews have been
conducted. One took place with staff from a Water Suppliers Association 50 (WSA) in order to
sample all available options for the transport of liquids. In addition, in order to also sample
the transport options for the solid fraction, interviews with truck owners and operators of the
‗Transporters Association Railway‘ 51 were carried out.
The person interviewed from the PEA would be willing to transport urine from UDDTs.
However, it was found that the PEA trucks are contaminated and therefore not suited for the
transportation of urine 52 . The interviewees from the WSA consider the business of urine
transportation as impossible since the trucks would get contaminated and it would ruin their
reputation. Since the faeces from UDDTs are ideally dry, transportation in suction trucks
would not be possible. The interviewees from the ‗Transporters Association Railway‘
indicated a willingness to transport faeces in closed boxes or other containers that can be
sealed.
In general the interviewees indicated not being interested in household collection in slum
areas. A need for collection points with good road accessibility was expressed. Except the
WSA, the stakeholders interviewed, indicated to be very interested to open up new business
opportunities. In all interviews offers regarding the transportation costs of the individual
service providers have been surveyed in order to consider the potential of contracting them for
the logistics system. However, preliminary calculations rated the costs as too high 53 as the
owners or operators were probably including the profit margins commonly applied for
individual trips. The interviewee from the PEA even recommended opening up a new separate
business in order to maximise the efficiency and be able to offer a suited service.
50
A „Water Suppliers Association― is a pool of private tank truck owners sharing official water pipes for filling
up the trucks. The water is delivered to any destination for a fee. Within the city of Kampala there are three
official water pipes for filling up tank trucks.
51
This transporters association is a typical cluster of trucks with different capacities that can be rented out for
any kind of transportation job. Those clusters can be found throughout the city.
52
The storage time for sanitatisation of urine as recommended by WHO is at least one month. Crosscontamination
with faeces requires a storage of 1.5 to two years (WHO, 2006, p. XVI-XVII)
53
Prices varied according to the distance. The best price for e.g. a 10 000 l tank truck trip outside of Kampala to
the nearest agricultural area (25 km) was 36 to 53 EUR. The price for a truck trip with 2 t capacity doing the
same distance was 36 EUR.
50