Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

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Case Study Kampala Figure 16: Cost constituent comparison of the urine and faeces logistic scenarios (own contribution) 6.2.2.5 Sensitivity analysis Based on the different cost contributors identified in chapter 6.2.2.2 and 6.2.2.4, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out. In order to test the resilience of system A (Table 7) and system B (Table 8) against variations due to growing resource scarcity and variations in economy, the items fuel price and prices of tank trucks/trucks have been increased by 25%. Additionally, it has been calculated how the systems react if the incentives would be raised by 25% in order to increase the motivation to collect urine and faeces and attract more people. In order to show the effect of an increased project lifetime it was extended from 5 to 8 years. Furthermore, since representing logistics systems with high transport intensity, the effect of a supply chain failure due to truck break-downs or accidents has been included in the sensitivity analysis. For that, it was assumed that a private company would take over the transportation and charge 53 EUR per trip (cf. chapter 6.1.3.2). As failure frequency three days per month, with maximum three trips, was estimated to be reasonable. Another factor that is connected to the transport intensity is the transport distance. In this analysis the distance from the storage site to the agricultural area has been reduced by 50% 81 . Additionally to system A increasing nutrient prices were included in the calculations of system B, since the production of the dried faeces fertiliser bags involves the utilisation of urea. For the purpose of comparison the return on sales was utilised as indicator. In the following the effects of the modifications are shown. 81 The distance of 50 km as used in the calculations of system A and B represents an average value that was set based on local experience. However, there are farms, which are located closer than that. If it would come to an implementation of the system, farms directly surrounding Kampala should be supplied preferably. 66
Case Study Kampala It has to be kept in mind that the effects cannot be compared to each other, since the input parameters of the modifications are different. System A The largest effect in the analysis for system A was caused by the reduction of the transport distance to 25 km. It resulted in an increase of the return on sales by 120.42% for the small scale II and 91.24% for large scale scenario. The values can be explained by several factors: Not only lower fuel consumption has to be mentioned, also less tanks trucks have to be purchased and fewer salaries have to be paid to the truck staff. The extension of the project lifetime resulted in an increase of 81.05% and 38.16% for the small scale II and the large scale scenario, respectively, reflecting the influence of the depreciation of the investments. The increase of the fuel price resulted in a reduction of the return on sales of 72.31% for the small scale II- and 36.45% for the large scale scenario, which again can be explained by the high proportion of transport costs in the balance of system A. Rising truck prices resulted in a reduction of the return on sales of 50.32% and 21.47% and the increase of incentives created a decreasing return on sales of 40.20% and 20.09% in the scenarios small scale II and large scale, respectively. The reduction triggered by the increased incentives illustrates the balancing act of finding the right level of incentives – the current level of incentives of 0.04 EUR was raised to still considerably low 0.05 EUR which already showed a significant decrease in the return on sales. The effect of a supply chain failure with 19.32% and 9.72% for the small scale II and large scale scenarios showed the smallest reduction in this calculation. In general the large scale scenario is less affected by the modifications as the small scale II scenario. At the same time the return on sales for the large scale scenario is higher, which leads to the conclusion that a larger scale, yielding higher return on sales, thus delivering sustainable sanitation to more people positively influences the stability of the scenarios. Since yielding negative balances, the small scale I scenarios were neglected. Table 7 shows the effects of the modifications for system A. 67
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Diplomarbeit von Enno Schröder Geo
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Summary The present thesis provides
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Contents Summary ..................
Page 8 and 9:
List of Figures Figure 1: Developme
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RUWASS Reform of the Urban Water &
Page 12 and 13:
Introduction Programme (JMP), sanit
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Introduction The introduction gave
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Sanitation: facts and interrelation
Page 18 and 19:
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27: Sanitation: facts and interrelation
Page 28 and 29: Sustainable sanitation Lower cost
Page 30 and 31: Sustainable sanitation in the chamb
Page 32 and 33: Sustainable sanitation aged 5 to 15
Page 34 and 35: Table 2: Benefits and economic dime
Page 36 and 37: Design backgrounds - The Integrated
Page 38 and 39: 5 Methods Methods Generally, method
Page 40 and 41: Methods The design of the empirical
Page 42 and 43: 1. Expert Level Slum dwellers/landl
Page 44 and 45: Methods the sanitation or agricultu
Page 46 and 47: Methods itself, that is considered
Page 48 and 49: Methods The primary motivation of
Page 50 and 51: Case Study Kampala Figure 12: Kampa
Page 52 and 53: Case Study Kampala awareness regard
Page 54 and 55: Case Study Kampala also other stake
Page 56 and 57: Case Study Kampala application of f
Page 58 and 59: Case Study Kampala Four from eight
Page 60 and 61: Case Study Kampala decentralised on
Page 62 and 63: Table 4: continued Stakeholder grou
Page 64 and 65: Table 4: continued Stakeholder grou
Page 66 and 67: Case Study Kampala Landlord units:
Page 68 and 69: Figure 13: Logistics system for uri
Page 70 and 71: Case Study Kampala scenarios, respe
Page 72 and 73: Private Company Level Case Study Ka
Page 74 and 75: Case Study Kampala incentive for ea
Page 78 and 79: Case Study Kampala Table 7: Sensiti
Page 80 and 81: 6.2.2.6 Conclusion case study Case
Page 82 and 83: 7 Conclusion Conclusion It could be
Page 84 and 85: Conclusion dried faecal matter does
Page 86 and 87: 8 Bibliography Bibliography African
Page 88 and 89: Joensson, H., Stinzing, A. R., Vinn
Page 90 and 91: Bibliography Still, D., A., 2002: A
Page 92 and 93: Bibliography World Urbanisation Pro
Page 94 and 95: 9.2 Interview guidelines Guideline
Page 96 and 97: 9.3 Cost calculations 87 Nutrient v
Page 98 and 99: Logistics systems cost calculations
Page 100 and 101: Working hours per day [h] 10 Intere
Page 102 and 103: Collection point space requirements
Page 104 and 105: Volume storage tank [l] 24.000 Cres
Page 106 and 107: Collection point rent faeces [UGX]
Page 108 and 109: With interest [UGX] 72.000.000 20%
Page 110 and 111: Storage site operators salaries [UG
Page 112 and 113: Overview Costs Urine Collection poi
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Investement Price for all collectio
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Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

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