Economic Effects of Sustainable Sanitation - SuSanA

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1. Expert Level Slum dwellers/landlords (method: 4 focus group disc.) Residents from „Go Down“ Residents from Natete Residents from Kasanvu Residents from Mulago 2. Participant Level Experts (method: 10 semi-structured interviews): Dr. Charles Niwagaba: Scientific Staff, Department of Technology, Makerere University Kampala; Director NGO Sustainable Sanitation and Water Renewal Systems (SSWARS) Michael Oketch: EcoSan Liaison Officer – Directorate of Water Development (DWD) Dr. Onesmus Semalulu: Scientific staff – National Agricultural Research Organisation of Uganda (NARO) James Maitekei: Sewerage Service Manager – National Water and Sewerage Corporation (NWSC) Dr. Shuaib Lwasa: Scientific staff, Department of Geography, Makerere University Kampala; NGO - Urban Harvest Margaret Azuba: Senior Agriculture Officer – Kampala City Council - EcoSan (Agriculture) Ruth Muguta: Project Coordinator – Kampala City Council - EcoSan (Slum Sanitation) Fred Nuwagaba: Senior Technical Advisor Water &Sanitation – Reform of the Urban Water and Sanitation Sector (RUWASS) Musa Muwanga: Chief Executive Officer – National Organic Agricultural Movement of Uganda (NOGAMU) Brenda Achiro: Senior Program Officer – NGO, Network for Water and Sanitation (NETWAS) Private companies (method: 3 semi-structured interviews) Pit Latrine Emptiers Association (PEA) Water Suppliers Association Transporters Association „Railway Station“ Figure 11: Stakeholders and the two level approach to the interviews (own contribution) Methods Farmers (method: 12 semistructured interviews) Small scale farmers (2) o Ms Luboyera o Mr Gambe Medium scale farmers (2) o Mr Kigonya o Mr Muwange Large scale farms (6) o Dr Reddy (Kakira Sugar Works) o Mr Sekaran (Lugazi Sugar Corporation of Uganda Ltd.) o Mr Prinsloo (TAMTECO - Tea) o Mr Chauhan (Uganda Tea Corporation Ltd) o Mr Barendse (Royal van Zanten - Flowers) o Mr Chakravarth (Uganda Hortech - Flowers) Organic farmers (2) o Mr Balsumbe (Fruits of the Nile) o Mr van Esch (BoWeevil - Cotton, chilli, sesame seed) 32
5.2 Semi-structured interviews Methods As mentioned above, the method of semi-structured interviews has been used for the expert and individual interviews. Unlike structured- or unstructured interviews, which are ―question and informant focused‖, semi-structured interviews are ―content focused‖ (Dunn, 2005, pp. 87). The interviews were conducted using guidelines that on the one hand helped to focus the issue and follow a certain structure, however on the other hand enabled the gathering of additional information and ―allow[ed] the conversation to be as natural as possible‖ (Dunn, 2005, p 82). Considering the principle of processuality the guidelines were slightly modified over the course of interviews (cf. Reuber and Pfaffenbach, 2005, p. 137). Three different guidelines have been prepared according to each group of participants (experts, private service providers and farmers) (cf. chapter 9.2). The guidelines for the expert interviews consisted of the categories: Introduction Sanitation situation in Kampala Agricultural situation in and around Kampala Human excreta as fertiliser Useful contacts Closure The guidelines for the private service provider‘s interviews were structured as follows: Introduction General information about the company and service Technical and financial information about the companies infrastructure Human excreta logistics Closure The farmer interviews were structured using the following categories: Introduction Agricultural information Human excreta as fertiliser Closure The interviews started with a warm-up phase, where the persons present 36 were introduced to each other and the purpose of the interview was clarified. This was usually followed by some informal chatting e.g. about everyday life, culture or weather to create a relaxed atmosphere and increase the ―success of the interview‖ (Gardner, Neville and Snell, 1983, cited in Dunn, 2005, p. 92). The formal part of the interview was initiated by asking to give an overview of 36 The standard interview situation consisted of the interviewer (me) and the interviewee. However, in some interviews with representatives of large scale farms, the managers or directors were supported by their assistants. 33
Page 1: Diplomarbeit von Enno Schröder Geo
Page 4 and 5: Summary The present thesis provides
Page 6 and 7: Contents Summary ..................
Page 8 and 9: List of Figures Figure 1: Developme
Page 10 and 11: RUWASS Reform of the Urban Water &
Page 12 and 13: Introduction Programme (JMP), sanit
Page 14 and 15: Introduction The introduction gave
Page 16 and 17: Sanitation: facts and interrelation
Page 28 and 29: Sustainable sanitation Lower cost
Page 30 and 31: Sustainable sanitation in the chamb
Page 32 and 33: Sustainable sanitation aged 5 to 15
Page 34 and 35: Table 2: Benefits and economic dime
Page 36 and 37: Design backgrounds - The Integrated
Page 38 and 39: 5 Methods Methods Generally, method
Page 40 and 41: Methods The design of the empirical
Page 44 and 45: Methods the sanitation or agricultu
Page 46 and 47: Methods itself, that is considered
Page 48 and 49: Methods The primary motivation of
Page 50 and 51: Case Study Kampala Figure 12: Kampa
Page 52 and 53: Case Study Kampala awareness regard
Page 54 and 55: Case Study Kampala also other stake
Page 56 and 57: Case Study Kampala application of f
Page 58 and 59: Case Study Kampala Four from eight
Page 60 and 61: Case Study Kampala decentralised on
Page 62 and 63: Table 4: continued Stakeholder grou
Page 64 and 65: Table 4: continued Stakeholder grou
Page 66 and 67: Case Study Kampala Landlord units:
Page 68 and 69: Figure 13: Logistics system for uri
Page 70 and 71: Case Study Kampala scenarios, respe
Page 72 and 73: Private Company Level Case Study Ka
Page 74 and 75: Case Study Kampala incentive for ea
Page 76 and 77: Case Study Kampala Figure 16: Cost
Page 78 and 79: Case Study Kampala Table 7: Sensiti
Page 80 and 81: 6.2.2.6 Conclusion case study Case
Page 82 and 83: 7 Conclusion Conclusion It could be
Page 84 and 85: Conclusion dried faecal matter does
Page 86 and 87: 8 Bibliography Bibliography African
Page 88 and 89: Joensson, H., Stinzing, A. R., Vinn
Page 90 and 91: Bibliography Still, D., A., 2002: A
Page 92 and 93:
Bibliography World Urbanisation Pro
Page 94 and 95:
9.2 Interview guidelines Guideline
Page 96 and 97:
9.3 Cost calculations 87 Nutrient v
Page 98 and 99:
Logistics systems cost calculations
Page 100 and 101:
Working hours per day [h] 10 Intere
Page 102 and 103:
Collection point space requirements
Page 104 and 105:
Volume storage tank [l] 24.000 Cres
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Collection point rent faeces [UGX]
Page 108 and 109:
With interest [UGX] 72.000.000 20%
Page 110 and 111:
Storage site operators salaries [UG
Page 112 and 113:
Overview Costs Urine Collection poi
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Investement Price for all collectio
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