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2008 Clinical Practice Guidelines - Canadian Diabetes Association

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<strong>2008</strong> CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES<br />

S92<br />

and yerba mate. It is important to be aware of the following<br />

drug interactions: Hypericum perforata (St John’s wort) (used<br />

in depression) induces CYP3A4 and can reduce levels of<br />

statins cleared by this mechanism; Gingko biloba (used for<br />

Alzheimer’s disease and intermittent claudication) reduces<br />

platelet aggregation and can potentiate other medications<br />

that affect bleeding; psyllium can retard the absorption of<br />

some drugs and minerals.<br />

For a more detailed discussion of CAM and diabetes, see<br />

the review by Yeh and colleagues (62).<br />

RECOMMENDATIONS<br />

1. At this time, CAM is not recommended for glycemic<br />

control for individuals with diabetes, as there is not<br />

sufficient evidence regarding safety and efficacy<br />

[Grade D, Consensus].<br />

2. Individuals with diabetes should be routinely asked<br />

if they are using CAM [Grade D, Consensus].<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. Trends in alternative<br />

medicine use in the United States, 1990-1997: results of a<br />

follow-up national survey. JAMA. 1998;280:1569-1575.<br />

2. Ryan EA, Pick ME, Marceau C. Use of alternative medicines<br />

in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2001;18:242-245.<br />

3. Angell M, Kassirer JP. Alternative medicine – the risks of<br />

untested and unregulated remedies. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:<br />

839-841.<br />

4. Ezzo J, Berman BM, Vickers AJ, et al. Complementary medicine<br />

and the Cochrane Collaboration. JAMA. 1998;280:1628-<br />

1630.<br />

5. Saper RB, Kales SN, Paquin J, et al. Heavy metal content of<br />

ayurvedic herbal medicine products. JAMA. 2004;292:2868-<br />

2873.<br />

6. Bunyapraphatsara N, Yongchaiyudha S, Rungpitarangsi V.<br />

Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice II. <strong>Clinical</strong> trial in diabetes<br />

mellitus patients in combination with glibenclamide.<br />

Phytomedicine. 1996;3:245-248.<br />

7. Yongchaiyudha S, Rungpitarangsi V, Bunyapraphatsara N, et al.<br />

Antidiabetic activity of Aloe vera L. juice I. <strong>Clinical</strong> trial in new<br />

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(Caiapo) on diabetes control in type 2 diabetic subjects treated<br />

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9. Azad Khan AK,Akhtar S, Mahtab H. Coccinia indica in the treatment<br />

of patients with diabetes mellitus. Bangladesh Med Res<br />

Counc Bull. 1979;5:60-66.<br />

10. Gao YH, Lan J, Dai XH, et al. A phase I/II study of Ling<br />

Zhi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) Lloyd<br />

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Int J Med Mushr. 2004;6:33-39.<br />

11. Baskaran K, Kizar Ahamath B, Radha Shanmugasundaram K,<br />

et al.Antidiabetic effect of a leaf extract from Gymnema sylvestre<br />

in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients.<br />

J Ethnopharmacol. 1990;30:295-300.<br />

12. Agrawal P, Rai V, Singh RB. Randomized placebo-controlled,<br />

single blind trial of holy basil leaves in patients with noninsulin-dependent<br />

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1996;34:406-409.<br />

13. Jayawardena MH, de Alwis NM, Hettigoda V, et al. A double<br />

blind randomised placebo controlled cross over study of a<br />

herbal preparation containing Salacia reticulata in the treatment<br />

of type 2 diabetes. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;97:215-218.<br />

14. Kim JI, Kim JC, Kang MJ, et al. Effects of pinitol isolated from<br />

soybeans on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors<br />

in Korean patients with type II diabetes mellitus: a randomized<br />

controlled study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59:456-458.<br />

15. Fujita H,Yamagami T, Ohshima K. Long-term ingestion of a fermented<br />

soybean-derived Touchi-extract with alpha-glucosidase<br />

inhibitory activity is safe and effective in humans with borderline<br />

and mild type-2 diabetes. J Nutr. 2001;131:2105-2108.<br />

16. Hariharan RS, Venkataraman S, Sunitha P, et al. Efficacy of<br />

vijayasar (Pterocarpus marsupium) in the treatment of newly<br />

diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a flexible<br />

dose double-blind multicenter randomized controlled trial.<br />

Diabetologia Croatica. 2005;34:13-20.<br />

17. Teixeira CC, Fuchs FD,Weinert LS, et al. The efficacy of folk<br />

medicines in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus:<br />

results of a randomized controlled trial of Syzygium cumini (L.)<br />

Skeels. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006;31:1-5.<br />

18. Sangsuwan C, Udompanthurak S, Vannasaeng S, et al.<br />

Randomized controlled trial of Tinospora crispa for additional<br />

therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Med Assoc<br />

Thai. 2004;87:543-546.<br />

19. Liu X, Wei J, Tan F, et al. Antidiabetic effect of Pycnogenol<br />

French maritime pine bark extract in patients with diabetes<br />

type II. Life Sci. 2004;75:2505-2513.<br />

20. Sitprija S, Plengvidhya C, Kangkaya V, et al. Garlic and diabetes<br />

mellitus phase II clinical trial. J Med Assoc Thai. 1987;70(suppl<br />

2):223-227.<br />

21. Jayagopal V, Albertazzi P, Kilpatrick ES, et al. Beneficial effects<br />

of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with<br />

type 2 diabetes. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care. 2002;25:1709-1714.<br />

22. Eriksson JG, Forsén TJ, Mortensen SA, et al. The effect of<br />

coenzyme Q10 administration on metabolic control in patients<br />

with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biofactors. 1999;9:315-318.<br />

23. Lonn E,Yusuf S, Hoogwerf B, et al. Effects of vitamin E on cardiovascular<br />

and microvascular outcomes in high-risk patients<br />

with diabetes: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE<br />

substudy. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care. 2002;25:1919-1927.<br />

24. Boshtam M, Rafiei M, Golshadi ID, et al. Long term effects of<br />

oral vitamin E supplement in type II diabetic patients. Int J<br />

Vitam Nutr Res. 2005;75:341-346.<br />

25. Ble-Castillo JL, Carmona-Díaz E, Méndez JD, et al. Effect of<br />

alpha-tocopherol on the metabolic control and oxidative stress<br />

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295.

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