2008 Clinical Practice Guidelines - Canadian Diabetes Association

2008 CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
S36
caemia in insulin-treated diabetics. Lancet. 1979;1:1049-1052.
35. Beregszàszi M, Tubiana-Rufi N, Benali K, et al. Nocturnal
hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent
diabetes mellitus: prevalence and risk factors. J Pediatr.
1997;131:27-33.
36. Vervoort G, Goldschmidt HM, van Doorn LG. Nocturnal
blood glucose profiles in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
on multiple (> or = 4) daily insulin injection regimens. Diabet
Med. 1996;13:794-799.
37. Jones TW, Porter P, Sherwin RS, et al. Decreased epinephrine
responses to hypoglycemia during sleep. N Engl J Med. 1998;
338:1657-1662.
38. Bergenstal R, Pearson J, Cembrowski GS, et al. Identifying
variables associated with inaccurate self-monitoring of blood
glucose: proposed guidelines to improve accuracy. Diabetes
Educ. 2000;26:981-989.
39. Jungheim K, Koschinsky T. Glucose monitoring at the arm:
risky delays of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia detection.
Diabetes Care. 2002;25:956-960.
40. Ellison JM, Stegmann JM, Colner SL, et al. Rapid changes in
postprandial blood glucose produce concentration differences
at finger, forearm, and thigh sampling sites. Diabetes Care.2002;
25:961-964.
41. Bina DM, Anderson RL, Johnson ML, et al. Clinical impact of
prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence
of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care.
2003;26:981-985.
42. Jungheim K, Koschinsky T. Glucose monitoring at the thenar:
evaluation of upper dermal blood glucose kinetics during rapid
systemic blood glucose changes. Horm Metab Res. 2002;34:325-
329.
43. Guerci B, Benichou M, Floriot M, et al. Accuracy of an electrochemical
sensor for measuring capillary blood ketones by
fingerstick samples during metabolic deterioration after continuous
subcutaneous insulin infusion interruption in type 1
diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1137-1141.
44. Bektas F, Eray O, Sari R, et al. Point of care blood ketone testing
of diabetic patients in the emergency department. Endocr
Res. 2004;30:395-402.
45. Khan AS,Talbot JA,Tieszen KL, et al. Evaluation of a bedside
blood ketone sensor: the effects of acidosis, hyperglycaemia
and acetoacetate on sensor performance. Diabet Med. 2004;
21:782-785.
46. Guerci B, Floriot M, Böhme P, et al. Clinical performance of
CGMS in type 1 diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous
insulin infusion using insulin analogs. Diabetes Care.
2003;26:582-589.
47. Deiss D, Bolinder J, Riveline JP, et al. Improved glycemic control
in poorly controlled patients with type 1 diabetes using
real-time continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care. 2006;
29:2730-2732.
48. Garg S, Zisser H, Schwartz S, et al. Improvement in glycemic
excursions with a transcutaneous, real-time continuous glucose
sensor: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care.
2006;29:44-50.
49. Chase HP, Roberts MD, Wightman C, et al. Use of the
GlucoWatch biographer in children with type 1 diabetes.
Pediatrics. 2003;111:790-794.
50. Rebrin K, Steil GM, van Antwerp WP, et al. Subcutaneous glucose
predicts plasma glucose independent of insulin: implications
for continuous monitoring. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:
E561-E571.
51. Steil GM, Rebrin K, Mastrototaro J, et al. Determination of
plasma glucose during rapid glucose excursions with a subcutaneous
glucose sensor. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2003;5:27-31.
52. Chico A, Vidal-Ríos P, Subirà M, et al. The continuous glucose
monitoring system is useful for detecting unrecognized hypoglycemias
in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes but is not
better than frequent capillary glucose measurements for
improving metabolic control. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:1153-1157.
53. Chase HP, Kim LM, Owen SL, et al. Continuous subcutaneous
glucose monitoring in children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatrics.
2001;107:222-226.
54. Bühling KJ, Kurzidim B, Wolf C, et al. Introductory experience
with the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS;
Medtronic Minimed) in detecting hyperglycemia by comparing
the self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in non-pregnant
women and in pregnant women with impaired glucose
tolerance and gestational diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes.
2004;112:556-560.
55. Tanenberg R, Bode B, Lane W, et al. Use of the Continuous
Glucose Monitoring System to guide therapy in patients with
insulin-treated diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Mayo
Clin Proc. 2004;79:1521-1526.
56. Ludvigsson J, Hanas R. Continuous subcutaneous glucose
monitoring improved metabolic control in pediatric patients
with type 1 diabetes: a controlled crossover study. Pediatrics.
2003;111:933-938.
57. Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study
Group. Accuracy of the GlucoWatch G2 Biographer and the
continuous glucose monitoring system during hypoglycemia:
experience of the Diabetes Research in Children Network.
Diabetes Care. 2004;27:722-726.
58. Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet) Study
Group.The accuracy of the CGMS in children with type 1 diabetes:
results of the Diabetes Research in Children Network
(DirecNet) accuracy study. Diabetes Technol Ther.2003;5:781-789.
59. McGowan K,Thomas W, Moran A. Spurious reporting of nocturnal
hypoglycemia by CGMS in patients with tightly controlled
type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1499-1503.
60. Nybäck-Nakell A, von Heijne M, Adamson U, et al. Accuracy
of continuous nocturnal glucose screening after 48 and 72
hours in type 2 diabetes patients on combined oral and insulin
therapy. Diabetes Metab. 2004;30:517-521.