Project Green District Energy Feasibility Study - Partners in Project ...

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TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 MWt) and the heating load has been reported to be approximately 29 MWt 5 . The GTAA indicated that firm capacity from the CUP could not be committed for the DES because the CUP capacity is reserved for future airport expansion. The CUP has an associated Cogeneration Plant with the capability to extract steam for heating purposes. The GTAA advised it would not be prudent to base the business plan on an assumed supply from the Cogeneration Plant because of both the uncertain value of electricity in future and other uncertainties impacting the availability of steam. A more detailed description of the operation of GTAA’s CUP and Cogeneration Plant is found in Appendix D. 3.2.2 Proposed Energy Centre As the availability of energy from existing sources is unlikely under current conditions, it is proposed that the base case of the business plan for the DES be a new Energy Centre on a vacant parcel of land on Elmbank Road, across the street from the CUP. If the DES becomes established it is possible that a supplementary supply arrangement may be developed from the GTAA cogeneration plan. The initial design criteria for the Energy Centre would be to meet the diversified peak demand in Phase 1, i.e. 12 MWt. Allowing for one redundant boiler in accordance with the “N+1” reliability criterion, the recommended heat generation capacity consists of four 4 MWt boilers. If the project proceeds with no early prospect of heat supply from an external source, it is likely that an appropriately sized CHP unit, approximately 4 MWe, would be added provided that a suitable contract could be arranged with the Ontario Power Authority. The DES would also generate electricity as a by-product, using the CHP. The electricity would be partly consumed in the Energy Centre, but most would be injected into the local electricity distribution system. This is a form of Distributed Generation (DG) (i.e. electricity generation connected to a local distribution system not to the province-wide transmission system). It will ease congestion on the transmission system and reduce losses on both the transmission and distribution systems. The CHP unit would be capable of operating in island mode to keep the Energy Centre in operation in the event of a grid outage. There might be some reliability benefit to the airport to also include the CUP in this island. Table 4 identifies the size and number of the major equipment for Phase 1 to serve a diversified heating load of 12 MWt. Additional 4 MWt boilers would be added to meet additional load as required. Major Equipment Size Number Hot Water Boiler 4 MWt 4 Engine Generator 4 MWe 1 Heat Rejection from CHP 4 MWt 1 Table 4 List of Major Equipment The initial site selected for the proposed Energy Centre is on the vacant parcel of land on the east side of Elmbank Road, directly across the street from the CUP that supplies heating and cooling to the airport. 5 Report on Feasibility of Connecting the Central Utility Plant to Terminal Three, H.H. Angus, November 27, 2008. 17
TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 A conceptual layout of this standalone Energy Centre and site location is shown on a drawing in Appendix E. 4 Distribution 4.1 Introduction Hot water will be produced at the Energy Centre and supplied through the distribution piping system (DPS) also referred to as the “primary side”. The DPS flows are varied based on the differential pressure (∆P) readings at the building Energy Transfer Stations (ETS). This ensures that adequate flow is maintained to all buildings in the system. Hot water distribution pipes are comprised of supply and return pipes of the same diameter. Generally, pipes are run in a side-by-side configuration. In most cases, distribution piping will be installed under roads and streets, sidewalks and green spaces using open trench construction methods. In some instances trenchless technologies might need to be employed. This will be in cases where the distribution lines come into conflict with other utilities or a section of street is congested with utilities. Typical piping will be installed with approximately 900 to 1,200 millimeters (mm) of cover. The distribution network will be designed to have a minimum cover of 600 mm over the distribution pipelines. The actual amount of cover may vary throughout the network and will depend on utility conflicts and distribution servicing requirements. 4.2 Distribution Network Pipe Routing and Sizing FVB has prepared a preliminary distribution-piping concept including: routing and sizing to provide heating services to the targeted buildings. Lines are sized to accommodate the full development as identified in the load tables included in Section 2: Customer Demand. It is assumed that all the required heat would be supplied from the Energy Centre, and the preferred routing has been identified by FVB, as shown on the drawing included in Appendix F. The proposed DPS has approximately 3.2 trench kilometres of supply and return pipe, including branch lines to customers, ranging in size from 300 mm (approximately 12 inches) internal diameter (which would be approximately 16 inches including insulation) exiting the Energy Centres down to 150 mm at the far end of the line and 80, 100 or 125 mm branch lines to customers. More scrutiny of the streets is required before determining final route plans. This would have to be done in close cooperation with the local authorities and other utilities. 4.2.1 Design Criteria for Medium Temperature Hot Water (MTHW) Distribution Piping System The distribution system must be capable of handling the required flow, at the required temperature and pressure drop, to maintain the system energy load demand. System diversification factor is 85 percent on the overall building loads. Design criteria for DPS are listed in Table 5. The maximum supply temperature is conservatively set at 120°C to allow for connection of some older buildings, which may require 80°C secondary supply temperature, subject to more detailed consideration. The system would be operated at as low a temperature as possible to maximize the efficiency of the Energy Centre and reduce distribution losses. 18
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