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TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 Appendices All thermal energy meters used in the ETS comply with the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) heat metering standard (CSA C.900), as may be amended or replaced from time to time. CSA C.900 is currently an adaptation of European Standard EN1434 with Canadian deviations. The energy meter will collect data on: Cumulative volume in cubic meters (m 3 ) Cumulative energy in megawatt-hours thermal (MWht) Thermal power demand in kilowatts thermal (kWt) Flow rate in m 3 /hour Supply and return temperatures Temperature difference (∆T) The data from each meter will be transmitted periodically to a central DES computer. This data will be used for billing and trouble-shooting. Thermal energy meters complying with CSA C.900 are accurate and reliable but expensive. The installed and commissioned cost of a thermal energy meter for a typical building might be in the order of $15,000. This cost, together with the cost of heat exchangers, control systems, shut-off valves and branch connections, explains why district energy service is more suitable for larger buildings, where the energy cost savings justify the capital cost of connection. 89
TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 Appendices 11.8 Definitions and Abbreviations Btu – British thermal unit; the amount of energy required to raise 1 pound (lb) of water by 1° Fahrenheit (F) Base Load – that portion of energy demand required constantly; the DE industry uses a looser definition that is essentially the energy demand economically served by high capital/low operating cost resources such as CHP or biomass; best illustrated visually by a load duration curve. In the example shown in the graph below, the peak system demand is close to 30 MWt, but a resource with a capacity of 10 MWt could economically supply approximately 80% of the thermal energy – the area below the curve and 10 MWt. Peak Heating Load (MWt) 30 25 20 15 10 5 Typical Heating Load Duration Curve GTA 0 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 No. of hours 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 BAU – Business as Usual, i.e. the default scenario if district energy is not implemented Chiller – a machine for generating cooling energy in the form of chilled water used in air conditioning, its efficiency is often expressed in terms of COP (see below). CHP - Combined Heat and Power, also known as cogeneration, means simultaneous generation of both useful heat and power in a single process. Conversion from Degrees (°) Fahrenheit (F) to Celsius (C)– subtract 32 then divide by 1.8; from °C to °F, do the opposite, i.e. multiply by 1.8 then add 32. COP – Coefficient of Performance, the ratio of output divided by input; used to express the efficiency of chillers or heat pumps 90
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Cooling Heating Phase 2: ($) ($) Di
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