Project Green District Energy Feasibility Study - Partners in Project ...

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TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 Appendices DES – District Energy System means a system to supply heating and/or cooling to multiple buildings. Diversified Peak Demand – the sum of the peak thermal demands (i.e. heating or cooling) of all buildings served by a DES multiplied by a factor to reflect the fact that different buildings’ peak demands are not coincident. For district heating, a factor of 0.8 to 0.85 has been found to be appropriate. Degree Days – a measure of how hot or cold a location has been within a stated period of time, relative to a reference temperature; Heating Degree Days (HDD) may be quoted below 15°C, and Cooling Degree Days above 15°C, if that happens to be the outside air temperature below which heating is generally turned on and above which cooling is turned on. DE – District Energy DEC - District Energy Centre – a central facility where heating and/or cooling and/or electricity are generated; a recently more preferred term to “energy plant” or “central plant”. DPS - Distribution piping system for heating and/or cooling. This system consists of supply and return pipes (of the same diameter) together with all necessary valves, vents, drains and fittings. The pipes are usually buried underground, insulated for heating and situated between the energy source(s) and customer buildings. Supply and return branches for each customer building join the inside piping that connects the DPS to the building energy transfer station (ETS) (see below). DHW – domestic hot water; district heating systems usually supply DHW along with space heating and it accounts for most of the summer load. ΔT – delta T – difference in temperature, e.g. as between the supply and return lines of a district heating or district cooling loop. Energy Centre - A central facility where heating, cooling and/or electricity is generated. This is a preferable term to “energy plant” or “central plant” EFLH - Equivalent Full Load Hours, annual energy consumption divided by peak load. Heating EFLH for a building is a function of the local annual outside air temperature profile, the outside air temperature when heating is turned on, domestic hot water consumption and any other nonspace heating uses of heat. Cooling EFLH is a function of the local annual outside air temperature profile, the outside air temperature when cooling is turned on, humidity (it takes cooling energy to de-humidify) and any other non-space air-conditioning uses of cooling. ETS - energy transfer stations. They are in each customer building and consist of heat exchangers, energy meters, controls, valves and inside piping. Heat Pump – a machine (very similar to a chiller) used for generating heat from energy sources that are too low in temperature to be useful directly. GJ – Giga-Joule, a billion Joules, a unit of heat commonly used in the natural gas industry in Canada. HVAC – heating, ventilation and air conditioning; the acronym is an indicator that these functions must be viewed holistically. kJ – kilo-Joule, a thousand Joules, 1 kJ per second = 1 kW kWe – kilo-Watts of electricity kWt - kilo-Watts thermal, heat or cooling, depending on context 91
TRCA Pearson Eco-Business Zone District Energy Feasibility Study 10 April 2012 Appendices L/s – litres/second; 1 L/s = approximately 13.2 Imperial Gallons per Minute (IGPM) MBH – a thousand Btu per hour, commonly used in the HVAC industry to express the capacity of boilers; can refer to input fuel consumption or output of thermal energy m – metres; approximately 1,609 m = 1 mile m 2 – square metres, 1 m 2 = 10.746 square feet, 10,000 m 2 = 1 hectare MMBtu – 1 million Btu MWe – Mega-Watts of electricity MWt – Mega-Watts thermal, heat or cooling, depending on context MWhe – Mega-Watt hours of electricity MWht – MegaWatt hours thermal, heat or cooling, depending on context; 1 MWht = 3.6 GJ = 3.412 MMBtu (kWe, kWt. MWe, MWt and MBH are units of peak load or capacity, while kWhe, kWht, MWhe, MWht, MMBtu and GJ are units of energy) Primary or Primary Side – refers to the hot water and/or chilled water system on the supplier’s side of the ETS Secondary or Secondary Side – refers to the hot water and/or chilled water system on the customer’s side of the ETS. Ton – a unit of cooling demand or capacity commonly used in the HVAC industry; 1 ton = 12,000 BTU per hour or 3.516 kWt; 1 MWt = 284 tons Ton-hour - a unit of cooling energy; 1 ton-hour = 3.516 kWht or 1 MWht = 284 ton-hours Tonne – a unit of mass = 1,000 kilo-grams TES – Thermal Energy Storage (hot or cold) VFD – variable frequency drives, allows for pumps to vary water flow according to demand in heating and cooling systems on the primary and/or secondary side 92
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Cooling Heating Phase 2: ($) ($) Di
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