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Projects, properties, targets, tasks
An Ant build file is broken into four basic chunks:
1
Everything
in Ant is
represented
by an XML
element tag.
2
A property
has a name
and a value.
3
A target has
a bunch of
tasks nested
within it.
4
This makes
a new
directory,
using the
value of the
src property.
Projects
Everything in your build file is part of a single project:
Your project should have a name and a default target to run when
the script is run.
Properties
Ant properties are a lot like constants. They let you refer to values in the
script, but you can change those values in a single place:
In this case, Ant will run
the dist target when the
script is run.
You can use location instead of value
if you’re dealing with paths.
Targets
You can group different actions into a target, which is just a set of work.
For example, you might have a compile target for compilation, and an
init target for setting up your project’s directory structure.
Tasks
Tasks are the work horses of your build script. A task in Ant usually maps
to a specific command, like javac, mkdir, or even javadoc:
building your code
You can use properties with
${property-name}, like this.
A target has a name, and
optionally a list of targets that
must be run before it.
Each Ant task has different
parameters, depending on what
the task does and is used for.
The syntax here is particular to Ant, but the
principles work with all build tools, in any language.
Ant is great for Java, but not everyone uses Java. For now,
though, focus on what a good build tool gives you: a way to
manage projects, constants, and specific tasks. In a few pages, we’ll talk about
build tools that work with other languages, like PHP, Ruby, and C#.
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Everything else in the build
file is nested inside the
project tag.
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