Coal Combustion Waste Management at - DOE - Fossil Energy ...

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The Indiana regulations do not specify groundwater monitoring-requirements for surface
impoundments. However, IDEM may specify water pollution control permit conditions as
necessary to assure that any pollutants released or threatened to be released by the unit into the
environment will not cause or contribute to violations of applicable water quality standards, or
otherwise cause a significant adverse impact on the environment or public health
(327 IAC 3-4-3).
Missouri—In Missouri, utility waste landfills are required to implement groundwater
monitoring capable of determining the impact of the landfill on the quality of the underlying
groundwater (10 CSR 80-11.010(11)). Monitoring wells must be installed both hydraulically
upgradient (at least one well) and hydraulically downgradient (at least three wells) from the
utility waste landfill. The actual number, location, and depth of wells must be determined on the
basis of site-specific information to ensure detection of any significant amounts of fluids that
migrate from the landfill to groundwater. A groundwater sampling and analysis program must be
submitted for State approval. Baseline monitoring to establish background groundwater quality is
required for constituents of concern. For baseline monitoring, a minimum of four quarterly
samples is required for at least one year. Thereafter, detection monitoring (i.e., routine
monitoring) must be performed during May and November of each calendar year for specified
constituents and for the water level in each well. The sampling data must be statistically
evaluated. If a statistically significant change in the pH or increase in a constituent level occurs
and is confirmed, the owner/operator of the landfill must submit a plan for assessment
monitoring to better define the extent of groundwater contamination. During assessment
monitoring, quarterly sampling is required. If one or more constituents exceed the groundwaterprotection
standard, the owner/operator must submit a report to the State assessing potential
corrective measures.
A surface impoundment that receives CCWs for disposal in Missouri is subject to the
regulations that establish design guides for wastewater treatment ponds (10 CSR 20-8.200). Such
regulations do not require that every wastewater treatment pond have a groundwater-monitoring
system. However, groundwater-monitoring requirements may be imposed on a case-specific
basis in construction and operating permits for facilities with point source discharges to waters of
the State or in no-discharge permits for facilities that do not discharge (10 CSR 20.8-200(8)(E);
10 CSR 20-6.015 (4)(B)5).
Ohio—Owners and operators of residual waste landfills in Ohio are required to
implement and maintain groundwater-monitoring programs capable of determining the impact of
their landfill facilities on the quality of the underlying groundwater. Class I, II, and III residual
waste landfills are required to conduct a hydrologic site investigation, install monitoring wells,
and conduct sampling as follows (OAC 3745-30-08):
Upgradient sampling quarterly for first year to establish background,
Downgradient sampling semiannually for indicator parameters, and