Coal Combustion Waste Management at - DOE - Fossil Energy ...

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TABLE A.26 (Cont.) a No chronological comparison was prepared for corrective action requirements because the historical EPA documents did not address this area of regulatory control. The chronological comparisons are limited to landfills because the historical EPA documents did not provide sufficient data to support similar comparisons for surface impoundments. b “Graded” means that nonhazardous industrial wastes are categorized based on the degree of hazard associated with handling and disposing of them, and regulatory controls placed on disposal facilities vary based on the category of waste received. c “Tightened” means that during the time frame indicated in the column heading, specific requirements for controls were added to the State's regulations where either none existed before, or prior requirements were less tailored to the characteristics of the wastes being regulated. d “Uncertain” means that for the States indicated in each column, it was not possible to ascertain from the information reviewed whether or not a change in the named regulatory control occurred during the time frame designated in the column heading. e “Neutral” means that either it could not be ascertained from the information reviewed whether any change occurred during the time frame indicated in the column heading, or the information reviewed suggests that no change occurred. f “Relaxed” means that the information reviewed suggests that some or all pre-existing regulatory controls in the category of interest were removed during the time frame indicated in the column heading. g “On-site and off-site” means that the State requires a solid waste permit for a landfill that receives CCWs, whether the landfill is located on the same site as the facility that generated the CCWs or not. h “No” means the source report indicates that State regulations do not impose the regulatory requirement. i “Yes” means the source report indicates that State regulations impose the regulatory requirement. j “May” means the source report indicates that the State regulations provide for a case-by-case decision on the need for the regulatory requirement. A-88
A-89 TABLE A.27 Summary of States with “Neutral” Changes Area of Regulatory Control Total States Reviewed States with “Neutral” Changes from 1988 RTC to 1999 RTC States with “Neutral” Changes from 1999 RTC to 2005 Regulatory designation 11 8 10 Permitting 11 8 10 Liners 11 7 11 Groundwater monitoring 11 7 11 Leachate collection 11 7 11 Closure and post-closure care 5 2 5 Siting controls 5 4 5 Financial assurance 5 5 5 A.13 REFERENCES ADEM 2005a Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 2005a, e-mail message regarding regulation of coal combustion products in Alabama, from L. Bryant (ADEM) to D. Littleton (DOE), Oct. 19. ADEM 2005b Alabama Department of Environmental Management, 2005b, telephone conversation between E. Sanderson (ADEM) and N. Ranek (Argonne National Laboratory), Nov. 10. Buckley 2005 Buckley, T.D., and D.F. Pflughoeft-Hassett, 2005, Review of Texas Regulations, Standards, and Practices to the Use of Coal Combustion Products, Final Report, 2005-EERC-01-01, Energy & Environmental Research Center at the University of North Dakota for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Headwaters Resources, Grand Forks, ND, Jan. EPA 1988 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1988, Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion of Coal by Electric Utility Power Plants, EPA/530-SW- 88-002 (based on data reported in Utility Solid Waste Activity Group, Survey of State Laws and Regulations Governing Disposal of Utility Coal- Combustion Byproducts, 1983), Washington, DC. EPA 1999a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999, Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion of Fossil Fuels, EPA 530-R-99-010, Washington, DC, March. EPA 1999b U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999, Technical Background Document for the Report to Congress on Remaining Wastes from Fossil Fuel Combustion: Existing State Regulatory Controls, Washington, DC, March 15.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to
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CONTENTS (Cont.) 3.1.9 Testing for
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TABLES (Cont.) 7 Trends in Construc
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TABLES (Cont.) A.14 Chronological C
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xii
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MCL maximum contaminant level MoDNR
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xvi
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S-2 the National Rural Electric Coo
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S-4 Groundwater-monitoring requirem
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S-6 receives only material that the
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TABLE S-2 Summary Results from Chro
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S-10 − In the area of groundwater
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S-12
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2 Air heater and precipitator wash
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4 wastes, and 17% were bottom ash.
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TABLE 1 (Cont.) State a Total CCWs
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8 The remainder of this report cont
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10 (NRECA) and the American Public
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12 Information collected during the
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14 − Type of variance (e.g., clos
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16 potential duplication with the s
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TABLE 2 (Cont.) ID a Unit Name 18 S
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20 Because new power plants built d
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22 the number of new and expanded u
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24 TABLE 7 Trends in Construction C
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26 TABLE 8 Percentages of Wastes Di
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28 TABLE 9 Numbers and Types of Per
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TABLE 11 Liner and Groundwater-Moni
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FIGURE 2 Liners in Identified New o
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34 FIGURE 4 Liner Types Reported fo
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36 Constituents monitored. Landfill
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38 impoundments). The analysis does
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40 (Class I) wastes for which no li
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42 States (Alabama, Florida, Georgi
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44 TABLE 20 Solid Waste Permitting
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46 United States in 2004. The one S
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3.2.2 Findings 48 Table 22 summariz
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TABLE 22 (Cont.) Category of Regula
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52 the surveyed units was conducted
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TABLE 23 Variance Requests and Disp
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56 request, the State regulatory ag
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TABLE 26 Variance Requests by Surve
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TABLE 27 (Cont.) Variance Request S
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62 variance. However, the State (Vi
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TABLE 28 (Cont.) Variance Request S
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TABLE 29 Variance Requests by Surve
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69 5 REFERENCES ACAA 2004 American
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A-1 APPENDIX A: STATE-SPECIFIC REGU
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A.1 APPROACH A-3 APPENDIX A: STATE-
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A-5 For each State reviewed, an eff
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TABLE A.2 Summary of Regulatory Des
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A-9 addition, the regulations in Al
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TABLE A.3 Chronological Comparison
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A-13 A disposal facility in Indiana
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TABLE A.4 Permits Required for CCW
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TABLE A.4 (Cont.) a The pilot study
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A-19 landfills. Otherwise, surface
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TABLE A.5 (Cont.) a “On-site” m
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A-23 groundwater and surface water
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A-25 discharge), the facility may s
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A-27 Wisconsin—Wisconsin designat
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TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Illinois
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TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Landfills
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TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Landfills
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TABLE A.7 Chronological Comparison
Page 137 and 138: TABLE A.7 (Cont.) State EPA 1988 EP
Page 139 and 140: A-39 Illinois—In Illinois, landfi
Page 141 and 142: A-41 The design standards for utili
Page 143 and 144: A-43 According to Technical Guideli
Page 145 and 146: TABLE A.13 Summary of Groundwater-M
Page 147 and 148: TABLE A.13 (Cont.) State a Groundwa
Page 149 and 150: A-49 such as a commercial industria
Page 151 and 152: A-51 The Indiana regulations do not
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Page 155 and 156: A-55 groundwater. Table A.15 summar
Page 157 and 158: TABLE A.15 (Cont.) State Leachate-C
Page 159 and 160: A-59 TABLE A.16 Chronological Compa
Page 161 and 162: A-61 quality standards, or otherwis
Page 163 and 164: A-63 A.7 CLOSURE/POST-CLOSURE REQUI
Page 165 and 166: TABLE A.17 (Cont.) State Closure/Po
Page 167 and 168: A-67 Type III restricted waste site
Page 169 and 170: TABLE A.19 Summary of Corrective Ac
Page 171 and 172: A-71 the plume (329 IAC 10-29-9). T
Page 173 and 174: TABLE A.20 Summary of Siting Contro
Page 177 and 178: A-77 The Virginia regulations speci
Page 181 and 182: TABLE A.24 Summary of Additional In
Page 183 and 184: A.12 FINDINGS A-83 Table A.26 summa
Page 185 and 186: TABLE A.26 (Cont.) States with Chan
Page 187: TABLE A.26 (Cont.) Description of C
Page 191 and 192: B-1 APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR N
Page 193 and 194: B-3 APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR N
Page 195 and 196: Compacted ash Compacted in-situ soi
Page 197 and 198: 7.0 Monitoring B-7 7.1 Is groundwat
Page 199 and 200: C-1 APPENDIX C: SURVEY RESPONSE RAT
Page 201 and 202: C-3 APPENDIX C: SURVEY RESPONSE RAT
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Page 205 and 206: C-7 nonsurveyed units). The capacit
Page 207 and 208: D-1 APPENDIX D: RECONCILIATION OF U
Page 209 and 210: TABLE D.1 Reconciliation of Units I
Page 211 and 212: E-1 APPENDIX E: UNIT COMPLETION DAT
Page 213 and 214: TABLE E.1 Trends in Unit Completion
Page 215 and 216: F-1 APPENDIX F: MATERIALS DISPOSED
Page 217 and 218: TABLE F.1 Materials Disposed of at
Page 219 and 220: TABLE F.1 (Cont.) Coal Bottom Ash (
Page 221 and 222: TABLE F.1 (Cont.) Coal Other Unit C
Page 223 and 224: G-1 APPENDIX G: PERMITS ISSUED FOR
Page 225 and 226: TABLE G.1 Permits Issued for Survey
Page 227 and 228: TABLE G.1 (Cont.) Unit ID State Typ
Page 229 and 230: H-1 APPENDIX H: LINER DATA
Page 231 and 232: TABLE H.1 Liner Data Unit Is Unit N
Page 233 and 234: TABLE H.1 (Cont.) Unit Is Unit New
Page 235 and 236: TABLE H.1 (Cont.) Unit Is Unit New
Page 237 and 238: I-1 APPENDIX I: GROUNDWATER-MONITOR
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TABLE I.1 Groundwater-Monitoring Da
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TABLE I.1 (Cont.) ID GWM Conducted
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J-1 APPENDIX J: VARIANCE REQUESTS B
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TABLE J.1 Variance Requests by Stat
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K-1 APPENDIX K: VARIANCE REQUEST DE
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TABLE K.1 Variance Request Descript
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TABLE K.1 (Cont.) Variance Variance
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TABLE K.1 (Cont.) ID State Granted
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L-1 APPENDIX L: VARIANCE GRANTING R
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TABLE L.1 Variance Granting Rationa
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TABLE L.1 (Cont.) ID State Variance
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