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TABLE A.15 Summary of Leachate-Collection System Requirements for CCW Management Units in Selected States State Leachate-Collection System Requirements Alabama CCW monofills: No applicable leachate-collection system requirements. Co-disposal with other wastes in a municipal waste landfill or industrial waste landfill: A leachate-collection system is required that is designed and constructed to maintain less than a 30-cm depth of leachate over the liner. Florida No specific requirements, but may be established in a permit or PPSA certification, as appropriate. Georgia Industrial waste landfills: A leachate collection-system is required. Industrial waste monofills: A variance from the requirement to install a leachatecollection system is available to permit applicants who demonstrate that the waste to be disposed of would not cause groundwater or surface water contamination. Illinois A leachate drainage layer at least 1 ft thick is required in conjunction with a leachatecollection system and a leachate-management system consisting of any combination of storage, treatment, pretreatment, and disposal options that meet specified requirements. Indiana Type I, II and III restricted waste sites: No leachate-collection system is required, but one may be used on a case-specific basis to reduce liner thickness. Type IV restricted waste sites: No leachate-collection system is required. Nonmunicipal solid waste landfill: A leachate drainage layer at least 1 ft thick with a hydraulic conductivity of >1 × 10 -3 cm/s is required. The upper 3 ft of material beneath the drainage layer must have an equivalent hydraulic conductivity of
TABLE A.15 (Cont.) State Leachate-Collection System Requirements Ohio Design and construction specifications for leachate-management systems are provided. Among other things, the leachate-management system must be designed to do the following: − Limit the level of leachate over the liner to a maximum of 1 ft, − Contain granular material used as a drainage medium that has permeability of no less than 1× 10 -3 cm/s, − Function without clogging, and − Be chemically resistant to attack by the residual waste, leachate, or any other material it may contact. Pennsylvania Performance and design standards for leachate-detection zones in Class I and II residual waste landfills are specified. Among other things, leachate-detection zones must: − Be at least 12 in. thick, − Contain no particles that exceed 0.5 in., − Have a flow zone with a hydraulic conductivity of >1 × 10 -2 cm/s, − Function without clogging, − Withstand chemical attack from waste and leachate, and − Be monitored weekly. The permit may specify alternative performance and design standards for the leachate system in Class I and II residual waste landfills. − Class I and II residual waste landfills must be equipped with a leachatecollection system meeting specified design and performance standards. The leachate-collection system must, among other things, ensure that the depth of leachate on or above the primary liner does not exceed 1 ft. Landfills Surface Impoundments Established, as necessary, on a case-specific basis in permits to install or NPDES permits. Performance and design standards for leachate-detection zones in Class I and II residual waste disposal impoundments are specified. Among other things, leachate detection zones must: − Be at least 12 in. thick, − Contain no particles that exceed 0.5 in., − Have a flow zone with a hydraulic conductivity of >1 × 10 -2 cm/s, − Function without clogging, − Withstand chemical attack from waste and leachate, and − Be monitored weekly. A permit may specify alternative performance and design standards for the leachate system in Class I and II residual waste disposal impoundments. Class I and II residual waste disposal impoundments must be equipped with a leachate-collection system that meets specified design and performance standards. Texas Recommended by TCEQ, but not required by the regulations. Not required by the regulations, but leak detection is recommended by TCEQ. A-57
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to
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CONTENTS (Cont.) 3.1.9 Testing for
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TABLES (Cont.) 7 Trends in Construc
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TABLES (Cont.) A.14 Chronological C
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xii
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MCL maximum contaminant level MoDNR
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xvi
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S-2 the National Rural Electric Coo
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S-4 Groundwater-monitoring requirem
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S-6 receives only material that the
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TABLE S-2 Summary Results from Chro
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S-10 − In the area of groundwater
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S-12
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2 Air heater and precipitator wash
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4 wastes, and 17% were bottom ash.
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TABLE 1 (Cont.) State a Total CCWs
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8 The remainder of this report cont
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10 (NRECA) and the American Public
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12 Information collected during the
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14 − Type of variance (e.g., clos
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16 potential duplication with the s
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TABLE 2 (Cont.) ID a Unit Name 18 S
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20 Because new power plants built d
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22 the number of new and expanded u
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24 TABLE 7 Trends in Construction C
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26 TABLE 8 Percentages of Wastes Di
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28 TABLE 9 Numbers and Types of Per
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TABLE 11 Liner and Groundwater-Moni
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FIGURE 2 Liners in Identified New o
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34 FIGURE 4 Liner Types Reported fo
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36 Constituents monitored. Landfill
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38 impoundments). The analysis does
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40 (Class I) wastes for which no li
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42 States (Alabama, Florida, Georgi
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44 TABLE 20 Solid Waste Permitting
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46 United States in 2004. The one S
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3.2.2 Findings 48 Table 22 summariz
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TABLE 22 (Cont.) Category of Regula
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52 the surveyed units was conducted
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TABLE 23 Variance Requests and Disp
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56 request, the State regulatory ag
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TABLE 26 Variance Requests by Surve
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TABLE 27 (Cont.) Variance Request S
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62 variance. However, the State (Vi
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TABLE 28 (Cont.) Variance Request S
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TABLE 29 Variance Requests by Surve
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69 5 REFERENCES ACAA 2004 American
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A-1 APPENDIX A: STATE-SPECIFIC REGU
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A.1 APPROACH A-3 APPENDIX A: STATE-
Page 105 and 106: A-5 For each State reviewed, an eff
Page 107 and 108: TABLE A.2 Summary of Regulatory Des
Page 109 and 110: A-9 addition, the regulations in Al
Page 111 and 112: TABLE A.3 Chronological Comparison
Page 113 and 114: A-13 A disposal facility in Indiana
Page 115 and 116: TABLE A.4 Permits Required for CCW
Page 117 and 118: TABLE A.4 (Cont.) a The pilot study
Page 119 and 120: A-19 landfills. Otherwise, surface
Page 121 and 122: TABLE A.5 (Cont.) a “On-site” m
Page 123 and 124: A-23 groundwater and surface water
Page 125 and 126: A-25 discharge), the facility may s
Page 127 and 128: A-27 Wisconsin—Wisconsin designat
Page 129 and 130: TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Illinois
Page 131 and 132: TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Landfills
Page 133 and 134: TABLE A.6 (Cont.) State a Landfills
Page 135 and 136: TABLE A.7 Chronological Comparison
Page 137 and 138: TABLE A.7 (Cont.) State EPA 1988 EP
Page 139 and 140: A-39 Illinois—In Illinois, landfi
Page 141 and 142: A-41 The design standards for utili
Page 143 and 144: A-43 According to Technical Guideli
Page 145 and 146: TABLE A.13 Summary of Groundwater-M
Page 147 and 148: TABLE A.13 (Cont.) State a Groundwa
Page 149 and 150: A-49 such as a commercial industria
Page 151 and 152: A-51 The Indiana regulations do not
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Page 155: A-55 groundwater. Table A.15 summar
Page 159 and 160: A-59 TABLE A.16 Chronological Compa
Page 161 and 162: A-61 quality standards, or otherwis
Page 163 and 164: A-63 A.7 CLOSURE/POST-CLOSURE REQUI
Page 165 and 166: TABLE A.17 (Cont.) State Closure/Po
Page 167 and 168: A-67 Type III restricted waste site
Page 169 and 170: TABLE A.19 Summary of Corrective Ac
Page 171 and 172: A-71 the plume (329 IAC 10-29-9). T
Page 173 and 174: TABLE A.20 Summary of Siting Contro
Page 177 and 178: A-77 The Virginia regulations speci
Page 181 and 182: TABLE A.24 Summary of Additional In
Page 183 and 184: A.12 FINDINGS A-83 Table A.26 summa
Page 185 and 186: TABLE A.26 (Cont.) States with Chan
Page 187 and 188: TABLE A.26 (Cont.) Description of C
Page 189 and 190: A-89 TABLE A.27 Summary of States w
Page 191 and 192: B-1 APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR N
Page 193 and 194: B-3 APPENDIX B: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR N
Page 195 and 196: Compacted ash Compacted in-situ soi
Page 197 and 198: 7.0 Monitoring B-7 7.1 Is groundwat
Page 199 and 200: C-1 APPENDIX C: SURVEY RESPONSE RAT
Page 201 and 202: C-3 APPENDIX C: SURVEY RESPONSE RAT
Page 203 and 204: C-5 USWAG asked for a response from
Page 205 and 206: C-7 nonsurveyed units). The capacit
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D-1 APPENDIX D: RECONCILIATION OF U
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TABLE D.1 Reconciliation of Units I
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E-1 APPENDIX E: UNIT COMPLETION DAT
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TABLE E.1 Trends in Unit Completion
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F-1 APPENDIX F: MATERIALS DISPOSED
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TABLE F.1 Materials Disposed of at
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TABLE F.1 (Cont.) Coal Bottom Ash (
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TABLE F.1 (Cont.) Coal Other Unit C
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G-1 APPENDIX G: PERMITS ISSUED FOR
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TABLE G.1 Permits Issued for Survey
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TABLE G.1 (Cont.) Unit ID State Typ
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H-1 APPENDIX H: LINER DATA
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TABLE H.1 Liner Data Unit Is Unit N
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TABLE H.1 (Cont.) Unit Is Unit New
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TABLE H.1 (Cont.) Unit Is Unit New
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I-1 APPENDIX I: GROUNDWATER-MONITOR
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TABLE I.1 Groundwater-Monitoring Da
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TABLE I.1 (Cont.) ID GWM Conducted
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J-1 APPENDIX J: VARIANCE REQUESTS B
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TABLE J.1 Variance Requests by Stat
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K-1 APPENDIX K: VARIANCE REQUEST DE
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TABLE K.1 Variance Request Descript
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TABLE K.1 (Cont.) Variance Variance
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TABLE K.1 (Cont.) ID State Granted
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L-1 APPENDIX L: VARIANCE GRANTING R
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TABLE L.1 Variance Granting Rationa
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TABLE L.1 (Cont.) ID State Variance
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