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TITLE : GROUTED OFFSHORE PILES FOR ALTERNATING LOADING: GOPAL CONTRACT N° : PL961178 COORDINATOR : Eric J. Parker D'Appolonia S.p.A. Via San Nazaro 19, 16145 Genova, IT Tel: +39 010 3628148 Fax: +39 010 3621078 E-mail: eric.parker@dappolonia.it PARTNERS : Dr Richard Jardine Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine University of London Imperial College Road London SW7 2BU, GB Tel. : +44 171 594 6083 Fax : +44 171 225 2716 E-mail : r.jardine@ic.ac.uk Xavier Jullian Soletanche-Bachy 6, rue de Watford 92000 Nanterre, FR Tel. : +33 1 47 76 4262 Fax : +33 1 49 06 9734 E-mail: xavier.jullian@soletanchebachy.com 617
618 IMPROVING CAPACITY OF OFFSHORE FOUNDATION PILES, THE GOPAL PROJECT ABSTRACT Eric J. Parker 1 1 D'Appolonia S.p.A., Genoa, Italy The paper describes the GOPAL (Grouted Offshore Piles for Alternating Loading) conducted under the EC Mast Program. Innovative technology is being used to increase pile end bearing capacity substantially. Essentially, jet grout bulbs are installed beneath the tips of open tubular steel piles after driving. Field tests were performed at Dunkirk, France on 457 mm (18 inch) diameter piles in North Sea sands to prove the effectiveness of the technique. In parallel with this research, tension tests are being carried out on six plain driven piles to measure variations in shaft resistance with time, and also to examine cyclic loading effects. INTRODUCTION The GOPAL project is investigating a new technology to increase pile capacity in sands. Jet grout bulbs are created below the toe of conventional driven steel piles. The jet grouted "soilcement" would classify as a sandstone of moderate strength and provides a substantial increase in pile end bearing. In parallel research, the project is also studying effects of pile ageing and cyclic loading in dense sands. Motivation Despite the industry thrust to ever deeper water and more extreme conditions, a large number of conventional platforms are still installed in shallow water. Many of these structures are standard steel jackets founded on driven pipe piles. In design, gravity and environmental forces act on the foundation pile giving both compression and tension loading. For typical designs compression loads are usually significantly greater than tension loads. Piles resist applied loads by a combination of shaft friction and end bearing. Both components contribute to compression capacity while only shaft friction is developed in tension. As a result compression capacity is larger than tension capacity. To minimise pile length a balanced design would resist tension loads by shaft resistance and make up the difference between compression and tension loads through end bearing. Unfortunately, in most cases end bearing is not sufficient to meet this difference. Thus a significant portion of compression load must be taken by shaft resistance, requiring longer piles.
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OFFICE FOR OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS OF
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EurOCEAN 2000 The European Conferen
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Volumes I - II)
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Integrated nitrogen model for europ
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II.1.2 Mehtods for monitoring, fore
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III.2.2 Oceanographic measurement a
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380
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382
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Jan van de Graaff Delft University
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dimensional near-field hydrodynamic
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ISVA, turbulence under spilling bre
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Most important results until now: W
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TITLE : PREDICTION OF COHESIVE SEDI
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394 PREDICTION OF COHESIVE SEDIMENT
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processes of CBS. This is particula
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liquefaction (e.g. induced by wave
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TITLE : COASTAL STUDY OF THREE-DIME
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COASTAL STUDY OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL
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morphological change. Their predict
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O’Connor B.A., and Nicholson J. (
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Professor F Seabra-Santos Universid
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The INDIA Project brings together m
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412 (CCMS-POL, USC) and bed sonar e
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Prof. D. Myrhaug (NTNU) Norwegian U
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project is focussed on relevant pra
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Modelling results for the flat bed
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engineering firms (coastal engineer
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422
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Luigi Alberotanza Inst. for the Stu
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All three sites are equipped with i
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2.3 Assessment of methods for the i
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TITLE : OPERATIONAL MODELLING FOR C
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‰ B. Model investigations on oper
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modelling strategies and sampling d
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TITLE: A USER-FRIENDLY TOOL FOR THE
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EUROWAVES OVERVIEW A quick illustra
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Figure 1 An example of the EUROWAVE
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Figure 4 Example output field for s
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444 EUROPEAN RADAR OCEAN SENSING He
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Figure1: WERA current field. Figure
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information in maps has proven to b
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Universidad Politecnica de Cataluny
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esources, such as in ship routing.
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Data Analysis The basic idea of adv
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implemented in system analyses and
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Dr. Claude Millot CNRS LOB/COM B.P.
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MEDITERRANEAN FORECASTING SYSTEM PI
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ADCP and line three mooring consist
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464 MeteoFrance ftp site Ocean forc
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TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF ANTIFOULING AG
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INTRODUCTION Antifouling paints are
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e.g. diuron was detected in Swedish
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esults suggest effects in the low n
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TITLE: SCOUR AROUND COASTAL STRUCTU
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Conference among others, and will b
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TOPIC 2.4. SEDIMENT TRANSPORT/SCOUR
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TITEL: VALIDATION OF LOW LEVEL ICE
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Ice compressive strength tests were
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subsequent inclined shear failure.
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486 Fig. 1 Fig. 2
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ir. M. Willems FC/FH - Flanders Hyd
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jetty and the armour layer. Out of
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Both the Zeebrugge and the Petten s
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alternative methods for the evaluat
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PORTUGAL Dr. César Andrade Centro
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Dr. Yolanda Foote Centre for Enviro
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cliff erosion and the life span of
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BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES ESPED recognis
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504
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506
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508
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510 AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION AND CH
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complexity of the data. Once traine
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INTEGRATING IDENTIFICATION AND CHAR
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TITLE: SEDIMENT IDENTIFICATION FOR
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518 SEDIMENT IDENTIFICATION FOR GEO
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The way to sense the marine environ
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6. Data processing and inversion (L
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TITLE: TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNE
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526 Attenuation dB/m 10 4 10 3 10 2
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Figure 2 Spectral response for wave
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TITLE: IMPROVED MICROSTRUCTURE MEAS
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IMPROVED MICROSTRUCTURE MEASUREMENT
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committee proposed the new establis
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of the profiler. Thus, the ACC98 se
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Figure 3b: Measurements of and diss
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TITLE: APPLICATIONS OF 3-DIMENSIONA
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2. OBJECTIVES The first objective o
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to demonstrate a capability for col
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546 ADIAC: DIATOMS GO DIGITAL M. Ba
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SLIDE SCANNING FOR DIATOM LOCALIZAT
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performance of normal PCs and the a
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TITLE : SUBSEA TOOLS APPLICATION RE
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554 SUBSEA TOOLS: A CRAFT PROJECT T
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RESULTS The deliverable is a multi-
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TITLE: DINOFLAGELLATE CATEGORISATIO
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1998) has simplified the developmen
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Fig. 3: Example specimen images 562
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REFERENCES Culverhouse PF, Ellis RE
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Page 202 and 203: INTRODUCTION 568 LOTUS Long Range T
Page 204 and 205: DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT Th
Page 206 and 207: Figure 2: Complex base-band impulse
Page 208 and 209: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is funde
Page 210 and 211: 576 THE SEISCAN INITIATIVE: SEISMIC
Page 212 and 213: een fed through to the scanning cen
Page 214 and 215: Data scanned At the time of writing
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Page 218 and 219: 584 SUMMARY OF SWAN PROJECT OBJECTI
Page 220 and 221: Apart from suffering from ISI, a mu
Page 222 and 223: TITLE : LONG-RANGE SHALLOW-WATER RO
Page 224 and 225: OBJECTIVES Present communication sy
Page 226 and 227: RESULTS OF THE DATA ANALYSIS Analys
Page 228 and 229: TITLE : UNDERWATER DIVING INTERPERS
Page 230 and 231: Orientation The electrical field ap
Page 232 and 233: [6] Virr LE (1987) « Role of elect
Page 234 and 235: TITLE : ELECTROACOUSTIC PROTOTYPE F
Page 236 and 237: specimen of bottlenose dolphin capt
Page 238 and 239: REFERENCES Cameron, G. 1999. Report
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Page 242 and 243: 608 HIGH RESOLUTION IN SITU HOLOGRA
Page 244 and 245: due to thermal expansion. The power
Page 246 and 247: 612 200 mm stages with optics and C
Page 248 and 249: III.1.4 Submarine geotechnics 615
Page 252 and 253: Solution One solution to this probl
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Page 258 and 259: VERY HIGH RESOLUTION MARINE 3D SEIS
Page 260 and 261: Monaco harbour (France) A very comp
Page 262 and 263: End-users highlighted the current,
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Page 266 and 267: package for Automatic Mobile Invest
Page 268 and 269: The operation of ARAMIS The typical
Page 270 and 271: • ROV landing on the sea bottom t
Page 272 and 273: EURODOCKER - A UNIVERSAL DOCKING -
Page 274 and 275: RESULTS: EURODOCKER SYSTEM DESCRIPT
Page 276 and 277: THE PROTOTYPE The Construction of t
Page 278 and 279: TITLE : LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITE PRESS
Page 280 and 281: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the project
Page 282 and 283: TITLE : ADVANCED SYSTEM INTEGRATION
Page 284 and 285: 651 Differential GPS - Reference St
Page 286 and 287: Figure 3.a The DELFIM ASC Figure 3.
Page 288 and 289: place vertically in the framework o
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Page 292 and 293: Eng. J.-M.Coudeville ORCA Instrumen
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Page 296 and 297: CONCLUSIONS GEOSTAR 2 is a project
Page 298 and 299: goals of the project and results of
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III.2.2. Oceanographic measurement
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TITLE : GAS HYDRATE AUTOCLAVE CORIN
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initially most important parameters
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3.4 Finalization of delayed tasks i
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Dr. Margaret Yelland Southampton Oc
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RESULTS FROM THE FIRST PROJECT PERI
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Taylor,P. K. and M. J. Yelland, 199
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TRACE METAL MONOTORING IN SURFACE M
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THE FLUORESCENCE SIGNAL OBTAINED WH
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The reaction of 6-mercaptopurine, l
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TITLE : OCEAN TOMOGRAPHY OPERATIONA
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The OCTOPUS project has been runnin
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Fig. 2: Typical TOMOLAB input: Tomo
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The establishment of a data bank fo
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TITLE: SPECTROSCOPY USING OPTICAL F
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The overall objective of the SOFIE
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devoted to investigate the behaviou
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TITLE : DEVELOPMENT AND TEST OF AN
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in-situ (Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia,
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Apart from the measurements made in
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MANUFACTURE OF CALIBRATION SOLUTION
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einz-Detlef Kronfeldt, Heinar Schmi
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