Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States

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contents Note on Pronunciation and Foreign Language Terms xix Chronology xxi Maps xxix 1. Religion, Ethnicity, and Nationhood 3 2. The First Strife: The Crisis of the 1930s, War, and the Cease-Fire of the 1960 17 3. The Other Serbia: The Serbian Church in the Communist Federation 43 4. The Catholic Church and the Making of the Croatian Nation, 1970–1984 56 5. The Bosnian Ulema and Muslim Nationalism 74 6. United We Stand, Divided We Fall: The Civil Religion of Brotherhood and Unity 89 7. Mary-making in Herzegovina: From Apparitions to Partitions 109 8. Flames and Shrines: The Serbian Church and Serbian Nationalist Movement in the 1980s 123 9. The Second Strife: Religion as the Catalyst of the Crisis in the 1980s and 1990s 133
10. Religion as Hallmark of Nationhood 165 11. The Twilight of Balkan Idols 186 12. Conclusions 211 xviii contents Notes 245 Selected Bibliography 309 Index Photo gallery follows page 88 325
Page 1 and 2: Balkan Idols: Religion and National
Page 3 and 4: RELIGION AND GLOBAL POLITICS SERIES
Page 5 and 6: 3 Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok
Page 7 and 8: transitions in many former communis
Page 9 and 10: sounded appealing to the Western au
Page 11 and 12: served at an institutional level),
Page 13 and 14: This page intentionally left blank
Page 15 and 16: this book was accomplished in Washi
Page 17: dividuals for support, guidance, an
Page 23 and 24: eign invaders and domestic ethnic f
Page 25 and 26: xxiv chronology “Islamic Communit
Page 27 and 28: 1989 Celebrations of the 600th anni
Page 31 and 32: SLOVENIA Croat Catholic Serb Orthod
Page 35 and 36: eligious descent and vague cultural
Page 37 and 38: Yugoslav state, Tito’s Yugoslavia
Page 39 and 40: point and its lost paradise. Kosovo
Page 41 and 42: mjanić created in 1639 the first C
Page 43 and 44: established in all six Yugoslav rep
Page 45 and 46: jvodina and in northern Croatia: (9
Page 47 and 48: great migration of Serbs from Kosov
Page 49 and 50: The concordat ...would eventually m
Page 51 and 52: “many in Yugoslavia would regret
Page 53 and 54: known as the Partizani, or Partisan
Page 55 and 56: Bosnian Muslim men. Nonetheless, th
Page 57 and 58: lished in 1944 by the antifascist P
Page 59 and 60: ethnic, religious, and racial hatre
Page 61 and 62: treating pro-Axis groups in May 194
Page 63 and 64: first “concrete” ecumenical Cat
Page 65 and 66: cism as the leading social and poli
Page 67 and 68: communities in 1970. According to 1
Page 69 and 70:
38 balkan idols Religion Erodes, Ch
Page 71 and 72:
formed as part of Germanus’ Avala
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Orthodox Church, whose foreign bran
Page 75 and 76:
styled system who had used police r
Page 77 and 78:
in 1953, the Serbs and Montenegrins
Page 79 and 80:
anch of the Church, Bishop Dionisij
Page 81 and 82:
The Holy Assembly of Bishops veheme
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tenegro). The Holy Assembly of Bish
Page 85 and 86:
In spite of Germanus’ patriotic r
Page 87 and 88:
4 the catholic church and the makin
Page 89 and 90:
commitment to the Church’s nonint
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separable in mutual interaction.”
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political authorities have no right
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Biskupija near Knin, was labeled
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historian Bishop Milasˇ built his
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with both of two key themes, religi
Page 101 and 102:
Catholic Slavic peoples stand again
Page 103 and 104:
Marija Bistrica Cardinal Kuharić s
Page 105 and 106:
5 the bosnian ulema and muslim nati
Page 107 and 108:
eligious label as a national name a
Page 109 and 110:
on 5 November 1969 in Sarajevo and
Page 111 and 112:
anian, headquartered at Prizren. Sh
Page 113 and 114:
erness.” 30 A governmental docume
Page 115 and 116:
want to overthrow the legitimate he
Page 117 and 118:
month of Ramadan, state television
Page 119:
Community banned direct involvement
Page 127 and 128:
are with us in our thoughts and pra
Page 129 and 130:
anniversary of the end of World War
Page 131 and 132:
At the Sarajevo Olympic Games, even
Page 133 and 134:
In Yugoslavia, wrote C. L. Sulzberg
Page 135 and 136:
The 1948 the Tito-Stalin split came
Page 137 and 138:
venes, Muslims, Montenegrins, and M
Page 139 and 140:
88.8 percent never attended church,
Page 141 and 142:
this. Another fear was of assassina
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second Yugoslavia involved moderniz
Page 145 and 146:
ated in the new Europe and postcomm
Page 147 and 148:
Croats of the Čitluk-Medjugorje pa
Page 149 and 150:
indictment, Zovko made the speeches
Page 151 and 152:
has a long Catalan nationalist trad
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electoral campaigns. 34 The anticom
Page 155 and 156:
West Germany and other west Europea
Page 157 and 158:
Some members of the Bishops’ Conf
Page 159 and 160:
movie, starring Martin Sheen as Fat
Page 161 and 162:
church leaders frequently visited t
Page 163 and 164:
engraved with insignia of the Serbi
Page 165 and 166:
Serbs attended a ground-breaking ce
Page 167 and 168:
mon permanent home, in contrast to
Page 169 and 170:
the Serbian Church had 27 bishops,
Page 171 and 172:
the early 1970s, clandestine police
Page 173 and 174:
ight to demand of our state courts
Page 175 and 176:
the visit would not aggravate ethni
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in Serb-populated areas, in order t
Page 179 and 180:
plurality of 43 percent and beat fo
Page 181 and 182:
patriarchal seat, the incumbent pat
Page 183 and 184:
diplomatic note filed by Belgrade t
Page 185 and 186:
the bishop of Mostar in the 1980s,
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to Jasenovac twice, in 1985 and aga
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continued the apology of Cardinal S
Page 191 and 192:
icism) to demolish the Orthodox par
Page 193 and 194:
terpretation of recent church histo
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vidual can be endangered. They refe
Page 197 and 198:
international forces. Amen.” 145
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as occasional minor punitive action
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appealed for international recognit
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in Bosnia-Herzegovina presented in
Page 205 and 206:
the Catholic Church in Croatia desi
Page 207 and 208:
New mosques mushroomed in areas und
Page 209 and 210:
thereby insulating themselves even
Page 211 and 212:
offered Karadzˇić monastic life a
Page 213 and 214:
While the postcommunist Croatian na
Page 215 and 216:
Orthodox Church: the metropolitan o
Page 217 and 218:
“Epistle on the Occasion of the F
Page 219 and 220:
significant funds for various confl
Page 221 and 222:
controversies from church history.
Page 223 and 224:
11 the twilight of balkan idols In
Page 225 and 226:
“European” as many times as the
Page 227 and 228:
ecame Croatia’s law, granted perm
Page 229 and 230:
eign intelligence activities in Cro
Page 231 and 232:
of the 1996-97 local, regional, and
Page 233 and 234:
Israel by revising his historical s
Page 235 and 236:
and Herzegovina Franciscan monks, b
Page 237 and 238:
The bishops lashed out at the gover
Page 239 and 240:
the Church helped the HDZ to win el
Page 241 and 242:
churches of Serbia and Russia appea
Page 243 and 244:
206 balkan idols Orphans of Brother
Page 245 and 246:
nament in 2001, Yugoslav basketball
Page 247 and 248:
orn between 1950 and 1980 stayed at
Page 249 and 250:
sine qua non of every efficient gov
Page 251 and 252:
1913) are a sufficient warning agai
Page 253 and 254:
national autocephalous church of Mo
Page 255 and 256:
218 balkan idols The Myth of Religi
Page 257 and 258:
evidently nothing can halt seculari
Page 259 and 260:
Phenomena similar to the mobilizati
Page 261 and 262:
evil individuals. Somehow, only com
Page 263 and 264:
However, as one of the competing na
Page 265 and 266:
1998 described earlier. The old myt
Page 267 and 268:
instruments of anticommunism. Becau
Page 269 and 270:
saints will operate as building blo
Page 271 and 272:
now the myths of the Yugoslav broth
Page 273 and 274:
Peace Accords, the international co
Page 275 and 276:
tenegro. The Serbian Orthodox Churc
Page 277 and 278:
Serb Republic. According to the Bos
Page 279 and 280:
All things considered, it seems tha
Page 281 and 282:
This page intentionally left blank
Page 283 and 284:
9. See “The Middle East and the B
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decfeb00/libraries.htm, “Museums
Page 287 and 288:
28. J. Gardner Wilkinson, Dalmatia
Page 289 and 290:
2. The First Strife 1. Muzˇić, Ka
Page 291 and 292:
Orthodox patriarchate for the year
Page 293 and 294:
53. “Memorandum on Crimes of Geno
Page 295 and 296:
English translation of the Party pr
Page 297 and 298:
114. According to Katolička Crkva
Page 299 and 300:
In addition, “the rate of such se
Page 301 and 302:
chairman of Croatia’s Commission
Page 303 and 304:
27. In his 1972 Easter message, “
Page 305 and 306:
to Nin), a photo-monograph (Zadar:
Page 307 and 308:
17. Samardzˇić, Religious Communi
Page 309 and 310:
20. Bilo je časno zˇivjeti s Tito
Page 311 and 312:
59. Ramet, Nationalism and Federali
Page 313 and 314:
7. Mary-making in Herzegovina 1. On
Page 315 and 316:
aragua to support the Contras and c
Page 317 and 318:
mark of Hegel, that history can be
Page 319 and 320:
and Slavophile sentiments about Rus
Page 321 and 322:
and walking in public with religiou
Page 323 and 324:
views with Radovan Samardzˇić and
Page 325 and 326:
70. Religion, Politics, Society, 15
Page 327 and 328:
the religious genocide) (Belgrade:
Page 329 and 330:
130. NIN, 8 December 1991. The appe
Page 331 and 332:
former chairman of the League of Co
Page 333 and 334:
“war crimes, like mass murder, et
Page 335 and 336:
74. “Deklaracija svesrpskog crkve
Page 337 and 338:
38. Tudjman earned a bad name in th
Page 339 and 340:
has brought us only disintegration
Page 341 and 342:
contrast to the communist era, did
Page 343 and 344:
29. Interview with Filip David, Fer
Page 345 and 346:
must now choose between disintegrat
Page 347 and 348:
“Crkvene manifestacije i hodočas
Page 349 and 350:
the archbishop of Split-Makarska, h
Page 351 and 352:
Cerić, Mustafa. At the time of the
Page 353 and 354:
The Crime of Genocide—A Plea for
Page 355 and 356:
Serbs of the Habsburg Military Bord
Page 357 and 358:
Ekmečić, Milorad. “Jugoslavensk
Page 359 and 360:
Raspeto Kosovo: Unisˇtene i oskrna
Page 361 and 362:
Snegarov, Ivan. Istoriia an Okhrids
Page 363 and 364:
Basara, Svetozar, 157-158 Bečkovi
Page 365 and 366:
Interfaith marriages, 101, 169, 207
Page 367 and 368:
Prohor Pčinjski, monastery 150, 15
Page 369:
Yugoslavs (by nationality), 101-102
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Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States

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