Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States

contrast to the communist era, did not want to leave their countries to settle in
the West. Only a majority of those included in the survey who were from Croatia
and Serbia declared that they wanted to leave their countries and go overseas
(the United States, Canada, and Australia appeared to be the most desirable
destinations) with no intention to return to their countries, which according to
the respondents, had no other future but ethnic strife and economic backwardness.
Reported by Voice of America, Croatian Service, 11 January 1998.
98. Večernji list, 1 March 1999, p. 3.
99. Feral Tribune, No. 797 23 December 2000.
100. Voice of America, Croatian Service, 14 November 1999.
101. Slobodna Dalmacija, 27 November 1992,
102. Voice of America, Croatian Service, 10 November 1999.
103. Feral Tribune, no. 789, 28 October 2000.
104. Ibid.
105. Feral Tribune, 19 July 1999.
106. Ibid.
107. Reaction to Events in Kosovo, p. 10.
108. Interview with Goran Radman, Feral Tribune, no. 770, 27 May 2000.
109. Interview with Josip Kregar, Feral Tribune, no. 771, 24 June 2000.
110. In February 2001, the Institute for Strengthening Democracy, based in
Konjic, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and the University of Bergen in Norway launched
a project entitled “The Balkans Students Return Home.” They invited all students
from Bosnia and other Balkan countries studying in the West to make contact
and return to their countries of origin, from which they had escaped in the
1990s.
12. Conclusions
1. Scott R. Appleby, The Ambivalence of the Sacred: Religion, Violence, and Reconciliation
(Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000).
2. National Interest (Summer 1997).
3. J. A. R. Marriott, The Eastern Question: An Historical Study in European Diplomacy
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1918), pp. 37–38.
4. The Ethnic Origins of Nations (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986), p. 119.
5. Ibid., p. 116
6. See Michael Radu, “The Burden of Eastern Orthodoxy,” in “Religion in
World Affairs,” Orbis 42, 2 (Spring 1998), p. 283.
7. The first lengthy and explicit condemnation of nationalistic extremism,
racism, and the secular worship of the nation-state was given in the encyclical
Mit brennender Sorge (March 1937) by Pius XI and reiterated in several other
Church documents, including most recently John Paul II’s encyclical Tertio Millennio
Adveniente (1994), which specifically refers to “exaggerated nationalism”
in the Balkans. The antinationalistic Protestant Christian theologians most often
quoted are Paul Tillich, Erich Voegelin, and Reinhold Niebuhr. See Paul Tillich,
The Encounter of Religions and Quasi-Religions, ed. Terence Thomas (Lewiston, NY:
Edwin Mellen Press, 1990); Erich Voegelin, Political Religions, translated by T. J.
Di Napoli and E. S. Easterly II (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1986), and
Reinhold Niebuhr, The Nature and Destiny of Man, vol. 1, Humane Nature (Louisville,
KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 1996).
8. See, for example, the chapter on Islam in John Coleman and Miklos Tomka,
eds., Religion and Nationalism (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1995).
304 notes to pages 209–215