Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States

12. Vego later married a nun from a nearby female monastic community and
continued to live in Medjugorje—the couple made a living working as guides for
foreign pilgrims and keeping a small shop with Medjugorje paraphernalia.
13. See Milan Vuković, Cl.133 KZ SFRJ nad Medjugorjem—Sudski progon fra
Joze Zovka (Article 133 of SFR Yugoslavia’s Criminal Code over Medjugorje—The
trial of Father Jozo Zovko) (Zagreb: Helios, 1990).
14. From my interview with Monsignor Z ˇ anić in Mostar, February 1991.
15. Beyer, Medjugorje Day by Day. Zovko repeated this on 3 January 1997 in
an interview on the US religious television channel EWTN.
16. Christian Visionaries: the Spanish Republic and the Reign of Christ.
17. Religion in Communist Lands 16, 1 (spring 1988), p. 87.
18. “The Mystery of Mary,” Life, December 1996, p. 54.
19. Ramet, “The Miracle at Medjugorje: A Functional Perspective,” p. 12.
20. The Medjugorje cult became widely popular in the United States. See for
example, Dale Brown, Journey of a Coach: The Testimony of Head Basketball Coach
of the LSU Tigers about the Apparitions of the Blessed Mother of God in Medjugorje,
Yugoslavia (New Orleans: MIR Group, 1989).
21. Religion in Communist Lands 16, 1 (spring 1988), p. 87.
22. Ibid.
23. “The Mystery of Mary,” p. 54.
24. This film was funded by the new Croatian regime and directed by the
Croatian proregime filmmaker Jakov Sedlar, with an American crew.
25. Pope John Paul II “has watched the unfolding events with great interest
and has privately affirmed the spiritual fruits of Medjugorje. ‘Let the people go
to Medjugorje if they pray, fast, do penance, confess, and convert,’ the Pontiff
said in 1986.” Beyer, Medjugorje Day by Day, p.
26. Hank Johnston, Tales of Nationalism: Catalonia, 1939–1979 (New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press, 1991), pp. 55–56.
27. See Robert A. Graham, The Vatican and Communism during World War II
(San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1996) pp. 93–94.
28. “Address of Cardinal Angelo Sodano Regarding the ‘Third Part’ of the
Secret of Fatima at the Conclusion of the Solemn Mass of John Paul II,” Fatima,
13 May 2000, quoted from the official website of the Holy See: http//www.
vatican.va.
29. William Christian, “Religious Apparitions and the Cold War in Southern
Europe,” Eric Wolf, ed., Religion, Power and Protest in Local Communities (Berlin:
Mouton, 1984), p. 243.
30. Ibid., p. 241.
31. Michael P. Carroll, The Cult of the Virgin Mary: Psychological Origins
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1986), pp. 219–220.
32. Christian, “Religious Apparitions and the Cold War in Southern Europe,”
p. 220.
33. Ibid., pp. 246–249.
34. Jeffrey Pratt, “Christian-Democrat Ideology in the Cold War Period,” in
Wolf, Religion, Power and Protest.
35. Tradition, Family, Property: Half a Century of Epic Anticommunism, translated
from the Portuguese by John Russel Spann in collaboration with Jose Aloisio
A. Schelini (New York: Foundation for a Christian Civilization, 1981),
pp. 439–440.
36. New apparitions triggered massive devotional movements in the ensuing
decades. In the 1980s the Madonna allegedly appeared during the crisis in Nic-
notes to pages 111–116 277