Balkan Idols: Religion and Nationalism in Yugoslav States

In addition, “the rate of such sexual assaults in Kosovo was the lowest compared
to other Yugoslav republics, and the greatest number of rapes in Kosovo occurred
within the same ethnic groups.” Vesna Pesˇić, Serbian Nationalism and the Origins
of the Yugoslav Crisis, Peaceworks Series (Washington, DC: United States Institute
of Peace, 1996); Vesna Pesˇić, “O krivičnom delu silovanja: Uporedna analiza sa
SFRJ, uzˇu Srbiju, Kosovo i Vojvodinu,” in Kosovski čvor; dresˇiti ili seći? (Belgrade:
Chronos, 1990), p. 47.
15. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, pp. 198–201. See also
Milan Vučković, Stanovnisˇtvo Kosova u razdoblju of 1918 do 1991 godine sa osvrtom
na prethodni istorijski period (Los Angeles: Loyola Marymount University, 1998).
16. Vučković.
17. In 1920, Belgrade obtained from the Ecumenical patriarchate in Istanbul
jurisdiction over part of the area where Serbian ruler Stephen Dusˇan made himself
emperor in 1346. The three Macedonian dioceses were under the patriarchate
of Serbia, and a unilateral act could not reverse the status of the Macedonian
dioceses.
18. Dimevski, Istorija na Makedonskata pravoslavna crkva, p. 988.
19. As implied by the patriarchate’s financial adviser Risto Grbić in his
pamphlet-report “O crkvenim finansijama,” pp. 6–7.
20. Savezna komisija za vjerska pitanja, “Informacija broj 26.”
21. In an interview, Patriarch Germanus said about the Macedonian raskol:
“The arbitrary, that is forceful separation of one of its parts from the Serbian
Orthodox Church, as a living organism, causes terrible pains to our church, it
is our unhealed wound. The communists want to divide and rule. Only, the days
are going to come when everything will find its proper place. So it will also be
with the southern part of Yugoslavia. ...Illusions come to an end, but truth is
eternal.” Svetislav Spasojević, The Communists and I: The Serbian Patriarch German
and the Communists, trans. Todor Mika and Stevan Scott (Grayslake, IL: Free
Serbian Orthodox Diocese of the United States of America and Canada, 1991),
pp. 98–99.
22. The Macedonian (proindependence) historian Ilija Velev listed and described
a total of 887 medieval churches and monasteries in Macedonia and
designated which of them were built by Serbian kings, though often on the
foundations of Greek and sometimes Bulgarian churches. Ilija Velev, Pregled na
srednovekovni crkvi i manastiri vo Makedonija (Skopje: Nasˇa knjiga, 1990).
23. Saint Prokhor is situated in the border zone between the federated republic
of Serbia and Macedonia. It was founded by the Byzantine emperor Romanus
IV Diogenes in the eleventh century and renovated by the Serbian king
Milutin early in the fourteenth century; several times damaged and rebuilt under
Ottoman rule, it was renovated during the Serbian kingdom at the end of the
nineteenth century.
24. Dimevski, Istorija na makedonskata pravoslavna crkva, p. 1024.
25. The most outspoken critic of the domestic Church was the Bishop Nikolaj
Velmirović. In a similar vein, the jailed theologian Justin Popović wrote in a 1960
samizdat, or secretly circulated pamphlet: “Not collaboration, but coexistence. ...
Our communists impose collaboration instead of coexistence upon the Church.
In the meantime, those same communists are championing the foreign policy of
‘peaceful coexistence’ among various ideologies, regimes, and systems.” Justin
Popović (Otac Justin), Istina o Srpskoj pravoslavnoj crkvi u komunistićkoj Jugoslaviji
(Father Justin: The truth about the Serbian Orthodox Church in communist
Yugoslavia), (Belgrade: Ćelije Monastery, 1990), p. 29.
262 notes to pages 45–47