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CENTRALES NUCLEARES/NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
1998 1999
Producción/Production (GWh) 59.002 58.852
Nº de Paradas para Recarga/Nº of Refueling Outages 4 7
Factor de Carga/Load Factor (%) 88,4 87,4
Factor de Operación/Operating Factor (%) 91,3 90,0
Factor de Disponibilidad/Capability Factor (%) 90,1 88,5
Factor de Indisp. No Programada/ 6,1 2,6
Unplanned Capability Loss Factor (%)
Paradas no Programadas por reactor/
Nº of Scrams per Reactor
• Automáticas/Automatic 0,9 1,7
• Total (automáticas y manuales) 1,2 2,8
Total (automatic and manual)
Potencia instalada a 31.12.99 (MWe) 7.637,8 7.749,1
Installed Power at 31.12.99
Otro dato relevante del balance
eléctrico de 1999 ha sido el fuerte
aumento, un año mas, tanto de la
generación en régimen especial como
de las ventas que estos productores
realizaron a las empresas eléctricas
en forma de excedentes. Las
estimaciones de UNESA indican
que la generación en régimen especial
se situó en 32.935 millones de
kWh, cifra que representa el 15,8%
de la producción total de electricidad
del país. El 75% de dicha cantidad
fue vendido a las empresas
eléctricas. En cifras absolutas, esta
energía vendida fue de 24.648 millones
de kWh, un 21,9% más que
el año precedente. Esto supone que,
al igual que en ejercicios anteriores,
las ventas de electricidad del régimen
especial al sistema eléctrico
aumentaron claramente por encima
del correspondiente a la producción
total.
Por su parte, los intercambios internacionales
han registrado una
vez más un saldo importador que,
en 1999, fue de 5.715 millones de
kWh.
En relación con la potencia instalada,
referida a datos de las
Empresas Eléctricas miembros de
UNESA, se ha de destacar que en
1999 se pusieron en servicio 336
MW de los que 111 MW fueron debidos
a incrementos de la potencia
nominal de las centrales nucleares
de Ascó II y Vandellós II; de los restantes,
158 MW corresponden al
equipo hidroeléctrico (central de
Ricobayo) y 67 MW al equipo térmico
convencional (una ampliación
del grupo 3 de la central térmica de
Narcea, un grupo en Formentera y
otro en Mahón). La potencia dada
de baja fue de 17,9 MW, con lo que
la potencia total instalada por las
empresas de UNESA a 31 de
Diciembre de 1999 se cifra en
46.552 MW.
LA CONTRIBUCIîN
DE LAS CENTRALES NUCLEARES
AL A„O ELƒCTRICO
Tal como está previsto en el programa,
los Jefes de las centrales nucleares
españolas les contarán a
continuación los resultados y experiencias
específicos de cada una de
ellas. Por mi parte, yo me referiré a
los datos globales de todas ellas para
destacar lo que ha representado
la energía nuclear en el conjunto
del Sector Eléctrico Español.
En el año1999, las centrales nucleares
han continuado demostrando
su capacidad de competir con
cualquier otra fuente de generación
de energía eléctrica. Los precios
ofertados de su producción las han
conducido, también en este año, a
ser seleccionadas para funcionar de
forma continua durante el mismo.
En 1999 la producción de origen
nuclear ha alcanzado los 58.852
millones de kWh, lo que ha constituido
el segundo mejor registro de
su historia. No obstante, hay que
has been confirmed by electricity consumption for
final use. Low voltage consumption, representing
47.6% of the total demand, has shown the most
dynamic increase in 1999, with an increase of 7.8%.
High voltage consumption, representing 52.4% of
the total, has undergone a more moderate increase
of 5.3%. In both cases, the growth figures are similar
to those seen in 1998.
For its part, electricity production in Spain
reached 208,223 million kWh, an increase of 6.2%
over the previous year. By fuel types, conventional
thermal-electricity generation represented 57% of
the total, showing an increase of 21.2%, while
nuclear and hydroelectricity production represented
28.3% and 14.7%, respectively, reflecting decreases
of 22%, in the case of hydroelectricity, and 0.2% in
nuclear power. In hydroelectricity terms, 1999 may
be said to have been a year of low hydraulicity.
Another relevant pointer as regards the electricity
balance in 1999 has been the strong increase, for yet
another year, in both generation within the special
regime and in the sales made by these producers to
the electricity utilities as surpluses. UNESA
estimates place generation within the special regime
at 32,935 million kWh, a figure representing 15.8%
of the country’s total electricity. Of this production,
75% was sold to the utilities. In absolute figures, this
energy sold amounted to 24,648 million kWh,
21.9% more than during the previous year. As in the
past, this means that sales to the electricity system by
producers included in the special regime increased
clearly over the increase shown by total production.
International energy exchanges have once again
leaned towards imports, which in 1999 amounted to
5,715 million kWh.
As regards installed capacity, and in reference to
UNESA member utilities, it should be pointed out
that 336 MWe were put into service during 1999,
111 MW of which were the result of the uprating of
the Ascó II and Vandellós II nuclear power plants. Of
the rest, 158 MW corresponded to hydroelectricity
equipment (Ricobayo plant) and 67 MW to
conventional thermal installations (extension of unit
3 of the Narcea thermal power plant, one unit in
Formentera and another in Mahón). The capacity
removed from the system amounted to 17.9 MW,
with which the total installed capacity of the UNESA
companies stood at 46,552 MW as of 31st
December 1999.
CONTRIBUTION OF THE NUCLEAR POWER
PLANTS TO THE ELECTRICAL YEAR
As established in the programme, the Managers of
the Spanish nuclear power plants will be reporting
on the results and specific experiences of their
respective installations. For my part, I should like to
refer to the overall data for these plants in order to
underline what nuclear power has represented
within the Spanish Electricity Industry.
Throughout 1999 the nuclear power plants have
once again demonstrated their capacity to compete
with any other source of electricity generation. As
has been the case in the past, the prices offered for
their production have led to their being selected for
continuous operation throughout the year.
In 1999, nuclear production reached 58,852
million kWh, the second highest figure in the sector’s
history. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that
when this historic maximum was attained (1998),
only 4 of the plants experienced a refuelling outage,
as against the seven that shut down for this purpose
in 1999. This difference, of significance as regards
the total time they are connected to the grid, has had
a repercussion of 0.25% on the decrease in
production.
This apparent discrepancy is explained by the
improvements achieved in the rated power levels of
Vandellós II and Ascó unit II, which have meant a
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R e v i s t a S N E