1957 - United Nations Statistics Division

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Tropical and Southern Africa region. The world death rate of 18 is made up of regional rates which vary from 9 per 1,000 in the USSR, Oceania, and North America to 33 in Tropical and Southern Africa. This pattern of variation by regions is reflected also in the rates of population increase, the largest percentage increases having occurred in Middle America (2.7%), South West Asia (2.5%) , and South America (2.4%). The rates of population growth mentioned above have been brought about almost entirely by a decline in the death rate, rather than by an increase in the birth rate. This was demonstrated in Chapter I of the 1956 Demographic Yearbook, where average birth and death rates for the period 1945-49 were compared with those for 1950-54. 1 Birth rates showed no appreciable tendency to decline during the 5-year period, the rates for 1950-54 clustering at the same levels as those for 1945-49. On the other hand, in all but 3 areas for which data were available, the death rates were lower in 1950-54 than they were in the earlier period. As a result of this situation - a declining death rate and a relatively stable birth ratepopulation growth has been accelerated. GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN MORTALITY Crude death rates Current levels In using available vital statistics to measure geographic variation, two points must be noted. First, countries for which statistics are available are not necessarily representative of the whole and, secondly, extreme observations tend to occur in small geographic entities. However, because the crude death rate is the only index of mortality available for a number of countries where vital statistics are not well developed and because for many areas it is the only measure able to be computed for a span of years, it must be employed - despite its shortcomings - to demonstrate geographic variability. The major factor producing unreliability in mortality statistics - both crude and specific - is, of course, underregistration of deaths. Registration of death is a civil affair. It is a well-known fact that in countries where civil administration is not yet well developed, the requirements or death registration, although theoretically obligatory, are not well complied with. Moreover, in some less well-developed areas, even the obligation may still be lacking. It has generally been felt that deaths tended to be more completely registered than births, due to the requirements of the various sanitary codes and the need for burial permits. There is no proof of this contention, however, and fragmentary evidence is coming to light which appears to refute it. 2 Another deficiency peculiar to the crude rate and one which makes its use hazardous for evaluating geographic variation must be emphasized. It is the fact that crude rates are weighted averages of age specific rates. If one 1 Graphs Nos. 2 and 4, p. 5 and 7 respectively. 2 For more detailed discussion, see Chapter I of the 1956 Demographic Yearbook. See also United Nations, Statistical Office, Handbook of Vital Statistics Methods, document ST/STAT/SER.F/7, April 1955, p. 207 (Sales No. 1955'xVII.l). 2 crude rate refers to a population with a high proportion of older persons where mortality is normally high, while another refers to a "young" population in which the probability of death is lower, it is obvious that they will not provide precise measures of the risk of dying in those areas but rather they will reflect the age composition of the populations involved. Even for evaluating changes over time in the same population, an increase in the median age at death may cause the crude rate to obscure declines in mortality risk, while in one of decreasing median age, the actual decline in mortality may be overstated by changes in the crude rate. The effects of this have been explored at length in the 1951 Demographic Yearbook, Chapter I, where age-adjusted rates were presented. The problem in general terms has also been discussed in the Handbook of Vital Statistics Methods. 3 Despite their inherent limitations as analytical tools, the 1956 crude death rates still exhibit a well-defined variation. Current (1956) crude death rates have been computed for 106 countries and territories throughout the world (see Table 8, p. 186). This particular group of countries accounts for an aggregate population of 1,139,500,000 which, in turn, constitutes 42% of the 1956 world total. The variation in this series is too marked to be explained solely in terms of lack of comparability. Even if non-representative rates for fragmentary ethnic groups and those known to be more than 10% incomplete are excluded, the range is from a low of 5.7 per 1,000 in the Ryukyu Islands to a high of 19.8 in Guatemala. These are set forth graphically in Chart I. Only a few years ago, it was customary to say that crude death rates below 10 per 1,000 were probably unreliable. Chart I shows that in 1956, one half of the "complete" rates, i.e., rates known to be at least 90% complete, were below that level; since this level has been reached primarily as a result of better public-health measures, improved and more intensive medical-care programmes, and new techniques of medicine and surgery, it may be well to consider what the future might bring as these benefits reach other parts of the world where death rates as high as 32 per 1,000 have been estimated. These estimated rates, which refer to various years, are the results of sample inquiries, the analyses of census returns, or pure guesses. They are set forth in Table B below. Table B. Estimated death rates: 14 countries, latest available year From the array of registered rates which are assumed 3 Ibid., p. 195 If. Country Northern Rhodesia (indigenous) ••••••••••••••••• India •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Tanganyika. " •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Uganda•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Nigeria, Federation of•••••••••••••••••••••••• Belgian Congo (indigenous) •••••••••••••••••••• Brazil (nationals) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Indonesia••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Ruanda-Urundi (indigenous)•••••••••••••••••••• Tunisia.....•........•.•.............•...... China, Mainland ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Southern Rhodesia (indigenous) ••••••••••••••••• Philippines•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Paraguay •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Year 1950 1950 1948 1948 1956 1953 1950 1954 1949 1956 1953 1950 1956 1950 Rate 32.2 27.4 25 25 23.6 21.3 20.6 20 19.8 17-19 17 12.6 11.6 10.6
CHART I. DEATH RATES IN 63 COUNTRIES: 1956 (Rates are the number of deaths per 1 000 population. ) o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 -16 17 18 19 20 1. Guatemala. • • • • . 19.8 I 1 I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I T 2. Union of South Africa (Coloured population) 17.2 3. Cook Islands 16.6 4. Isle of Man. 15.3 5. West Berlin. 14.5 6. St. Lucia. 12.7 7. France. . . 12.5 8. Luxembourg 12.4 9. Austria. . .• 12.4 10. Belgium • • 12. 1 11. Portugal • • 12.1 12. St. Vincent. 12. 1 13. Scotland. 12.0 14. Chile. • 11. 9 15. Mauritius 11. 8 16. Ireland • 11. 7 17. England and Wales. 11.7 18. Montserrat. . • • 11. 5 19. British Guiana (ex. Amerindians). 11.2 20. Yugoslavia. . . • • . . . 11.2 21. West Germany . . . • • . 11. 2 22. St. Kitts-Nevis and Anguilla 11.0 23. Rodrigues. . . . 10.8 24. Barbados. . . . 10.6 25. Northern Ireland. 10.6 26. Hungary • • . • 10.5 27. Italy. .• . . • 10.3 28. Switzerland. . • 10.2 29. British Honduras. 10.0 30. Venezuela . . • 9.9 31. Romania. . . • 9.9 32. Trinidad and Tobago 9.6 33. Sweden • . • • 9.6 34. Czechoslovakia. 9.6 35. Jamaica . . . . 9.5 36. United States. • 9.4 37. Malta and Gozo. 9.3 38. Australia. . • 9. 1 39. New Zealand. 9.1 40. Finland . 9.0 41. Poland. . 9.0 42. Gibraltar. 9.0 43. Ceuta . 8.9 44. Tunisia (European population). 45. Union of South Africa 8.9 (white population) • 8.8 46. Denmark. • • • . • 8.8 47. Union of South Africa (Asiatic population) 8.7 48. Norway • 8.5 49. Canada • 8.2 50. Argentina 8.2 51. Bermuda . 8. 1 52. Singapore 8. 1 53. China, Taiwan 8.0 54. Japan. .'. . 8.0 55. Bahama Islands 7.9 56. Hong Kong. 7.9 57. Netherlands 7.8 58. Melilla • • 7.6 59. Iceland . . 7.2 60. American Samoa 61. Southern Rhodesia 7.0 (European population) 6.6 62. Cyprus. . ..' 6.3 63. Ryukyu Islands • . • . 5. 7 o 1 2 3 4 5 J 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 I , I I I , I I 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 3 RATES PER 1000 POPULATION
Page 3 and 4: UNITED NATIONS NATIONS DEMOGRAPHIC
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS-TABLE DES MATIERE
Page 7 and 8: Table FOETAL DEATHS TABLE OF CONTEN
Page 9 and 10: Avant-propos L'Annuaire demographiq
Page 11: CHAPTER I. FACTORS IN DECLINING MOR
Page 17: which data are available. This is n
Page 21 and 22: against a rate of 0.8 for age group
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER II. TECHNICAL NOTES ON THE
Page 25: world. Unless otherwise specified,
Page 29 and 30: advisable to calculate this index a
Page 31 and 32: (10) Northern and Western Europe: B
Page 33 and 34: Since the way in which cities are d
Page 39 and 40: time or the spacial variation obser
Page 41 and 42: cluded in the total deaths under 1
Page 43 and 44: well as a new classification struct
Page 45 and 46: tion of the same age and sex. Death
Page 47 and 48: A stillbirth is generally understoo
Page 49: Limitations: Because marriage, unli
Page 52 and 53: the life table commonly described b
Page 54 and 55: national frontier by a traveller li
Page 56: even when all these conditions are
Page 59: CHAPITRE I. LES FACTEURS DU FLECHIS
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mortalite est dli principalement au
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Les valeurs de 1'esperance de VIe r
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a MaIte. II est a noter que taus ce
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dans divers territoires africains o
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l'Indonesie, du Japon, de la Coree
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pour de nombreux pays ou l'on peut
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sous-evalues. Le taux de mortalite
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permettent d'apprecier les conseque
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de mortalite paraissent eIeves aux
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Plusieurs pays ne figurant pas dans
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aussi une idee des causes qui retie
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"morts foetales" au sens strict du
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du point de vue demographique et so
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servir a beaucoup d'usages pour les
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II n'y a guere de difficultes a fai
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POPULATION 1. Area, density, popula
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1. Area, density, population by sex
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POPULATION 3. Estimates of populati
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POPULATION 3. Estimates of populati
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3. Estimations de la population, en
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POPULATION 4. Population by age and
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5. Population of capital cities and
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5. Population of capital cities and
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POPULATION 5. Population of capital
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BIRTHS Continent and country AFRICA
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6. Naissances vivantes et taux brut
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6. Naissances vivantes et taux brut
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BIRTHS 6. Live births and crude bir
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x DEATHS 7. Number of deaths 1940-1
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DEATHS 7. Number of deaths (continu
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DEATHS 7. Number of deaths (continu
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DEATHS 8. Crude death rates 1930-19
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8. Taux bruts de mortalite (suite)
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DEATHS 8. Crude death rates (contin
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DEATHS 9. Infant deaths and infant
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9. Deces d/enfants de moins dlun an
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9. Deces d/enfants de moins dlun an
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10. Deces selon Vege et Ie sexe (su
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10. Deces selon "age et Ie sexe (su
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DEATHS 10. Deaths by age and sex (c
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10. Daces selon liege et Ie sexe (s
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10. Daces selon liege et Ie sexe (s
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10. Deces selon I/oge et Ie sexe (s
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10. Deces selon lIege et Ie sexe (s
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10. Deces selon I/oge et Ie sexe (s
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10. Deces selon I'age et Ie sexe (s
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10. Daces selon I/oge et Ie sexe (s
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10. Deces selon Ilage et Ie sexe (s
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10. Oeces selon Vage et Ie sexe (su
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10. Daces selon I'age et Ie sexe (s
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10. Daces selon I'age et Ie sexe (s
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10. Decas selon I'age et Ie sexe (s
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11. Death rates specific for age an
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Berlin 1954 Both sexes-les deux sex
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Isle of Man t [UK] -lie de Man t [R
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poland tt - Pologne tt 1948 Male -
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1953 Both sexes - Les deux sexes•
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Male - Masculin ••••••
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Male - Masculin ••••••
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DEATHS 12. Infant deaths by age and
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12. Infant deaths by age and sex (c
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13. Infant mortality rates by age a
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1950.................. 109.3 8.31 9
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1950••••••••••
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14. Deces selon la cause, nombre et
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B46•••• 6123 241 698 285 34
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Canada: 1956 5 Total. ...•. 76576
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Mexico-Mexique: 1955 t Totol......
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United Slales-Elals-Unls: 1955 TOla
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Uruguay: 1955 9 Tolal .••••
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Israel - Israel: 1956 * t Jewish po
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Austria - Autrlche: 1956 Total..•
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France: 1955 23,24 Total. ..... 266
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Ireland-Irlande: 1956 * t Total....
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Netherlands - Pays-Bas: 1955 21 Tot
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Switzerland - Suisse: 1955 Total ..
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Yugoslavia-Yougoslavie: 1955 37 Tot
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B45.•••• 33.9 43.6 10.1 2.6
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Chile-Chili: 1952 t Total. ...... 1
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CJ1 o.... Austria - Autrlche: 1956
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France: 1955 16. 17 Total •••
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Luxembourg: 1956 t Total. ....•.
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Portugal: 1956 Total ....••. 12
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United Kingdom (continued) - Royaum
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20. Morts foetales tardives, nombre
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20. Morts foetales tardives, nombre
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MARRIAGES 22. Marriages and crude m
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DIVORCES Continent and country Code
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23. Divorces, nombres et taux bruts
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24. Esperance de vie (suite) [Voir
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LIFE TABLES 24. Expectation of life
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LIFE TABLES 25. Life table mortalit
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25. Quotients de mortalite (suite)
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26. Survivants a un age donne pour
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26. Survivants (suite) [Voir note e
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LIFE TABLES 26. Survivors (continue
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LIFE TABLES 26. Survivors (continue
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26. Survivants (suite) [Voir note e
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MIGRATION 27. Major categories of d
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27. Categories principales de sorti
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27. Categories principales de sorti
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MIGRATION 28. Emigrants by country
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29. Immigrants by country of last p
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MIGRATION 29. Immigrants by country
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MIGRATION 30. Emigrants by age and
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31. Immigrants by age and sex (cont
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1957 - United Nations Statistics Division

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