qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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da, imavdroulad, ganvasxvavebT samwerlo Semoqmedebisgan. am sakiTxze<br />
nawilobriv zemoT ukve iyo saubari. Cven viciT, ra niSnebi mijnavs<br />
zepirsityvierebas mwerlobisgan. axla visaubroT imaze, Tu ra niSnebi<br />
mijnavs erTi Janris zepirsityvier teqsts sxva Janris teqstisgan.<br />
Janri aris <strong>folklori</strong>s (zepirsityvierebis) amosavali damoukidebeli,<br />
TviTkmari odenoba. mas aqvs Tavisi sazRvrebi, niSnebi, funqcia da<br />
daniSnuleba yofaSi, Tavisi Sinaarsobriv-Tematuri Semcveloba, Tavisi<br />
poetika, is Tan sdevs da asaxavs sinamdvilis erT romelime mxares. vl.<br />
propi ase martivad da ubralod ganmartavs Janrs: “Janris specifika is<br />
aris, Tu ra sinamdvilea masSi asaxuli da rogori saSualebiT aris<br />
asaxuli”. da kidev: misi azriT, formas ganapirobebs Sinaarsi, anu Janri<br />
aris formisa da Sinaarsis erTianoba. es imgvari ganuyofeli erTianobaa,<br />
roca Sinaarsi moiTxovs swored amgvar formas da, piruku, es forma<br />
amgvari SinaarsisTvis aris Seqmnili. Tu analogias (Sedarebas)<br />
mivmarTavT, es aris WurWlisa da SigTavsis urTierToba, roca isini<br />
erTurTs gansazRvraven. formisa da Sinaarsis erTianoba tradiciiT aris<br />
ganmtkicebuli.<br />
yoveli nawarmoebi romelime Janrs unda ekuTvnodes, romelime<br />
JanrSi unda iyos gaerTianebuli. Janris gareSe, eulad arsebuli<br />
nawarmoebi iseTive anomaliaa, rogorc variantebs moklebuli<br />
folkloruli teqsti an adamiani vinaobis gareSe, adamiani, romelic arc<br />
erT jgufs ar ekuTvnis, an cxoveli, romelic arc erT saxeobas ar<br />
ganekuTvneba. rogorc folkloruli teqsti warmodgenilia variantebis<br />
saxiT da ara eulad, ara oblad, aseve fokloruli fondi Sedgeba ara<br />
calkeuli erTeulebisgan, aramed jgufebisgan, romlebSic saerTo<br />
niSnebiT aRWurvili erTeulebia gaerTianebuli. `leqsi vefxisa da<br />
moymisa~, SesaZloa, unikaluri iyos Tavisi mxatvruli RirebulebiT,<br />
magram is, rogorc garkveuli gvarisadmi kuTvnili teqsti, ar aris<br />
unikaluri. igi Janris farglebSia warmodgenili zepirsityvierebis<br />
fondSi.<br />
ra qmnis Janrs? Janrs qmnis niSanTa da maxasiaTebelTa (rogorc<br />
formis, ise Sinaarsis mxriv) erToblioba. es aris Janris sakiTxi,<br />
romelic folklors saziaro aqvs literaturasTan. magram erTia<br />
literaturis Janris amosavali da sxvaa folkloruli Janris amosavali.<br />
ra niSniT ganirCeva literaturaSi Janri anu gvari? arsebobs ori<br />
kriteriumi: formaluri da Sinaarsoblivi. formis mixedviT nawarmoebi<br />
SeiZleba ekuTvnodes prozas an poezias, dramas an eposs, miniaturas,<br />
novelas an romans. Sinaarsis mixedviT Tu davajgufebT nawarmoebebs,<br />
isini unda gavaerTianoT sxvadasxva jgufebSi Tematikis mixedviT.<br />
nawarmoebi, vTqvaT, romani, iqneba an yofiTi, an saTavgadasavlo, an<br />
istoriuli, an filosofiuri, an deteqtiuri da a. S. eposic, poemac aseve<br />
SeiZleba iyos gansxvavebul Tematikaze agebuli, Tumca formis mxriv<br />
isini erT JanrSi iqnebian moqceulni.<br />
folklorsa da literaturas SeiZleba hqondeT saziaro Janrebi.<br />
arsebobs lirikuli leqsi literaturaSi da arsebobs lirikuli leqsi<br />
folklorSi. arsebobs erTgan satrfialo, filosofiuri lirika da<br />
arsebobs meoregan amgvari Janris leqsebi. aseve saziaroa drama, romelic<br />
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