qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

cnobierebisa, romelic Taviseburad aRiqvams yofierebis movlenebs da
faqtebs, gardaqmnis da inaxavs maT. cxadi xdeba, rom eTnografia da
eTnologia folkloristikis momijnave (Tu damxmare) sxva
disciplinebidan yvelaze ufro axlos aris masTan, ramdenadac
folklorul Semoqmedebas yofaSi udgas fesvi da misgan mowyvetili
kargavs Tavis arsebiT niSnebs. es aris misi erT-erTi fundamenturi
niSani, romelic mas literaturuli Semoqmedebisgan ganasxvavebs.
folkloruli Semoqmedebis specifikuri niSnebi maT
urTierTkavSirSi, maT erTobliobaSi, erTmaneTisgan gamomdinareobaSi
unda iqnas ganxiluli da gaazrebuli. tradiciuli niSnebi xalxuri
Semoqmedebisa, romlebic SeiZleba dayvanil iqnas gansazRvrul
raodenobamde, rogoric aris anonimuroba, gavrcelebis zepiri forma,
variantuloba da koleqtiuroba, arsebiTad, arawignuri kulturis
damaxasiaTebeli da ganmsazRvreli niSnebia, riTac folklori
literaturas upirispirdeba, Tumca es niSnebi, met-naklebi intensivobiT
da gansxvavebuli motivaciiT, mwerlobas anu individualur
Semoqmedebasac axasiaTebs. warmoiSveba problema, romelic amgvarad
iqneba dasmuli: ra gansxvavebaa, magaliTad, folklorul anonimurobasa
da literaturul anonimurobas Soris, anu: ra iwvevs anonimurobas erT
SemTxvevaSi da ra iwvevs _ meore SemTxvevaSi.
problema ganzogadoebul saxes iRebs da yalibdeba Semdegnairad:
erTmaneTs upirispirdeba ori kultura _ zepiri (udamwerlobo), smenaze
dafuZnebuli, da wignuri (samwerlo), xedvaze dafuZnebuli. yuri da
Tvali aq fundamenturi (amosavali) niSnebia, romlebic Tav-Tavis daRs
aCneven am kulturebs. es problema gadaizrdeba msmenelisa da
mkiTxvelis problemaSi. folklorul SemoqmedebaSi Cven saqme gvaqvs
msmenelTan, rogorc folkloruli teqstis erT-erTi SesaZlebeli
variantis potenciur avtorTan.
termin "folklors" folklore, Tumca masSi nagulisxmevi masala _
zepirsityvieri sibrZne Tu codna _ Tavisi arsiT anonimuria da
principulad dauTariRebeli, avtoric hyavs da misi Seqmnis droc
cnobilia. misi arseboba iwyeba 1846 wlidan, roca uiliam Tomsma (William
Thoms) inglisur Jurnal "aTeneumis" (The Athenaeum) 22 agvistos nomerSi
gamoaqveyna statia saTauriT "Folklore", sadac pirvelad gamoCnda termini,
romelic man ori Zvelinglisuri (saqsonuri) sityvisgan _ folk (xalxi) da
lore (sibrZne, codna) _ monetasaviT "moWra". statia daviwyebas mieca,
magram mis furclebze dabadebuli termini sicocxlisunariani
aRmoCnda. erTi welic ar iyo gasuli, rom Jurnali 1848 wels ukve
aRfrTovanebas gamoxatavda am terminis swrafi gavrcelebios gamo.
ramdenime wlis ganmavlobasi igi gascilda inglisis sazRvrebs da
SeaRwia kotinentze, skandinaviaSi, slavur qveynebSi. man Secvala
xalxuri Semoqmedebis aRmniSvneli manamde arsebuli saxelwodebani:
"xalxuri siZveleni" an erTgvarad winaaRmdegobrivi "xalxuri
literatura" da mtkiced daimkvidra adgili humanitarul disciplinaTa
aRmniSvnel terminebs Soris.
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