qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

aTa, rogorc dedis saSodan, kvlav iSvas. gveleSapis mier STanTqma
miTologiuri gmiris aucilebeli gamocdilebaa: marduqi, Suamdinaruli
miTologiis demiurgi, kosmosis Semqmneli, sanam kosmoss Seqmnides,
TiamaTis _ pirvel arsebuli zRvis mucelSi imyofeba; aseve indoelTa
indra _ gveleSap vritras mucelSi; amirani, herakle, iasoni da sxvani
namyofi arian gveleSapis mucelSi, saidanac isini ganaxlebuli ZaliT
ibadebian.
axla ganvixiloT qarTuli miTologiuri teqstebi da vnaxoT, ra da
ra miTologemebis ganSlis Sedegad arian isini warmoSobili.
kosmogoniuri miTosi
qarTul miTologiaSi ver vadasturebT kosmogoniur miToss Tavisi
pirvandeli saxiT. magram SegviZlia moviyvanoT misi variacia, romelsac
sofelsa da mis mtrul Zalas Soris brZolis saxe aqvs micemuli.
erTmaneTs upirispirdeba wyali da xmeleTi, romelTagan pirveli qaoss
ganasaxierebs, meore _ kosmoss. misi klasikuri nimuSia ugarituli eposi
baalis (xmeleTis uflis) da misi antagonistis iamis (zRvis urCxulis)
Sesaxeb. maT Soris brZola gardamavali upiratesobiT mimdinareobs da
mas dasasruli ara aqvs. xan baali imarjvebs, xan – iami. am brZolis
analogi SeiZleba xmeleTze zRvis periodul da dausrulebel moqcevamiqcevaSi
davinaxoT.
qarTul miTosSi gveleSapisa da xaris brZola ganasaxierebs
zRvis stiqiisa (qaosis) da xmeleTis (kosmosis) dasabamier brZolas.
am tipis miTosi saqarTvelos bevr kuTxeSia gavrcelebuli. misi
fabula amgvaria:
soflis maxlobel tbaSi gveleSapi budobs. periodulad igi
amodis tbidan, Tavs esxmis sofels, stacebs saqonels, anadgurebs
naTesebs, awiokebs mosaxleobas... Ram-RamobiT soflis uCinrad gveleSaps
kurati (mozveri) ebrZvis, magram amaod: sofelSi igi dasisxlianebuli da
daqanculi brundeba. sofeli daudarajdeba xars da, roca mixvdeba, Tu
risgan emarTeba mas es ambavi, rqebs almasiT mouWedavs da ase gauSvebs
gveleSapTan sabrZolvelad. xari eZgereba zRvis urCxuls da mucels
gaufatravs. cocxal-mkvdari gveleSapi ukuiqceva, gaqceuls wyali ukan
gayveba da tbac daicleba. natbevar adgilze ki xalxi dasaxldeba.
gveleSapi sxva kvalsac stovebs landSaftze: igi Tavisi sxeuliT
mdinaris kalapots gaiyvans.
gveleSapisa da misi antagonistis brZolis miTosi yvelgan
inarCunebs Tavis Tavdapirvel kosmogoniur xasiaTs, Tundac masSi
gadmocemuli konkretuli ambavi erT romelime sofels exebodes. am
SemTxvevaSi miTologiuri warmodgenis ZaliT, sofeli mTeli samyaros
saxeliT figurirebs. "sofel" sityvac xom am ormag, erTmaneTSi
gardamaval mniSvnelobas Seicavs. ugaritul miTosTan Cveni teqstis
tipologiuri msgavseba detalebSic iCens Tavs. saxeldobr, xmeleTis
patronis, baalis, simboluri gamoxatuleba xaria.
maradiuli gazafxulis miTosi
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