qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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arsebobs samijnuro (romanuli) eposi, romlis klasikuri nimuSia<br />
Suasaukuneebis kelturi warmoSobis Tqmuleba tristanisa da izoldas<br />
tragikuli siyvarulis Sesaxeb. amave Janrs unda ekuTvnodes saqorwino<br />
urTierTobaze agebuli eposebi, rogoric aris germanelTa `kudruni~.<br />
romanuli motivi erTi Zlieri nakadia da xSirad TviTkmar Rirebulebas<br />
iZens sagmiro-saistorio eposSi.<br />
ra adgili uWiravs eposs qarTul folklorSi da romeli<br />
saxeobebiT aris igi warmodgenili?<br />
mravalferovan da mdidari tradiciis mqone qarTul xalxur<br />
sityvierebaSi epikuri Semoqmedebis wvlili metad mwiria. qarTul<br />
folklorSi ver vadasturebT istoriuli xasiaTis eposs, sadac<br />
ganzogadebulad iqneboda gadmocemuli xalxis istoria, rogorc es,<br />
Cveulebriv, am Janris eposebSia. ar Cans istoriuli gmiris saxeli,<br />
romlis garSemo realuri istoriis Taviseburad gardaqmnil sagmiro<br />
ambavTa ciklizacia momxdariyos, Tumca saqarTvelos istoria arcTu<br />
Raribia heroikuli epoqebiT, brZolebiT da, Sesabamisad, istoriuli gmirebiT.<br />
Cven ver vifiqrebT, rom xalxis epikuri cnobiereba gulgrili<br />
darCeniliyos im epoqaluri sasikeTo Tu sabediswero Zvrebis mimarT,<br />
romlebic araerTgzis ganucdia qveyanas; ver vifiqrebT, rom<br />
zepirsityvier matianes ar aesaxos espaneTis rekonkistis (arabebisgan<br />
qveynis gamoxsnis) analogiuri uaRresad daZabuli xana, aSot<br />
kurapalatisa da mis TanamdgomTa gmiruli epopea, rac <strong>qarTuli</strong> miwebis<br />
kvlav SemokrebiT dasrulda, magram espanuri `Cemi sidis~ msgavsi<br />
xalxuri poema, sadac ukvdavyofili iqneboda TaobaTa xsovnaSi `Cemi<br />
aSoti~, ar dasturdeba; an masze adreuli xana gorgaslisa, romlis<br />
miTosuri xati werilobiT matianeSi aris moxvedrili, xalxuri eposis<br />
saxiT ki ar Cans; an, Tundac, ufro adreuli epoqa farnavazisa, romlis<br />
arqetipuli drois, rogorc `Zlieri Jamis~, mefobis da sxva sulier<br />
RirebulebaTa, mraval siaxleTa dasabamieri Jamis kvali werilobiTma<br />
istoriam Semoinaxa, xalxis xsovnas ki ver SemorCa. ra mizeziT? mizezi<br />
martivia: vrcelia `koleqtiuri~ mexsiereba, magram is usazRvro da<br />
dauSreteli ar aris. mas ar SeuZlia TanadroulobaSi moicvas mTeli<br />
zepirsityvieri fondi misi `dasabamidan~, erTdroulad Seinaxos<br />
sxvadasxva istoriul epoqaTa zepirsityvieri Semoqmedebis nayofebi.<br />
Taobebis monacvleobasTan erTad icvleba, periodul ganaxlebas<br />
ganicdis zepirsityvieri teqstebi; Zveli gadadis, mis nacvlad axali<br />
mkvidrdeba. `xalxs is moswons, rac axalia~, amboben `odiseaSi~ Zveli<br />
miTebis momRerlis demodokes msmenelni. da is Zveli, romelic ukan<br />
ixevs, gadis xalxis mexsierebis sawieridan, Tu aso-niSnebiT ar iqna<br />
Cawerili, samudamo daviwyebisTvis aris ganwiruli. arc erTi zemoxsenebuli<br />
xalxuri eposis xsenebac ki ar iqneboda, rom maT Caweraze ar<br />
ezrunaT. Seqmnidan orasi wlis Semdeg Cawerili iqna `simRera Cems<br />
sidze~ (Semonaxulia erTaderTi 1307 wlis xelnaweriT); CaweriT gadaurCa<br />
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