qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
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strtuqturiT, SinaarsiT da ideologiiT, rom erTi saxelwodebis<br />
(zRapari) JanrSi maTi moqceva gaZneldeba. amJamad Cveni yuradRebis<br />
sagania xalxuri narativis an eposis is saxe, romlis saxelwodebad<br />
jadosnuri zRaparia damkvidrebuli, Cven ki mas sakuTriv zRapars<br />
vuwodebT. ufro metic: misi ideologia da mizandasaxuloba safuZvels<br />
gvaZlevs vuwodoT mas xalxuri esqatologiuri eposi.<br />
vidre zRapris ganmartebas SemogTavazebdeT, ganvixilavT Tavad<br />
zRapris teqsts, romlis analizis Semdeg gvecodineb misi raoba, rogorc<br />
folkloruli Janrisa; gvecodineba, vin aris zRapris gmiri, ras<br />
warmoadgens zRapris samyaro, misi dro da sivrce, ra mimarTeba aqvs mas<br />
im samyarosTan, sadac zRapris mTxrobeli da msmeneli cxovroben, ras<br />
gveubneba zRapari, rogori azrovnebis nayofia igi, ras niSnavs misi „iyo<br />
da ara iyo ra“, ramdenad arsebiTia misTvis jadosnuri (fantastikuri)<br />
elementi, ramac misi gavrcelebuli dasaxeleba („jadosnuri zRapari“)<br />
gansazRvra da sxva.<br />
zRapris Sinaarsis ganxilvamde warmovadginoT igi mis mTlianobaSi<br />
dasawyisi da dasasruli formulebiTurT, romlebic Tumca yvela<br />
zRaparSi ar dasturdeba, magram misi Txrobis specifikas warmoadgens.<br />
zRapari sami nawilisgan Sedgeba: 1) dasawyisi (rus. зачин), romelsac<br />
SeiZleba vuwodoT „winkari“, 2) Tavad zRapris Sinaarsi da 3) dasasruli,<br />
romelsac SeiZleba vuwodoT „gamoTxoveba zRaparTan“.<br />
<strong>qarTuli</strong> zRapris klasikuri dasawyisia `iyo da ara iyo ra“,<br />
romelic SeiZleba gamodges, sazogadod, zRapris gansazRvrebad: zRapris<br />
ambavi moxda da arc momxdara. es aris mTxrobelis da mis kvalze<br />
msmenelis Tvalsazrisi zRaparze. aseTi dasawyisi <strong>qarTuli</strong> zraprebis<br />
Taviseburebaa. rusuli zRaprebi, romlebic did msgavsebas avlenen<br />
qarTul zRaprebTan, rogorc wesi, ase martivad iwyeba: жил-был, жила-была,<br />
жили-были...<br />
amgvarad, <strong>qarTuli</strong> zRapris Txroba iwyeba formuliT:<br />
1. "iyo da ara iyo ra, iyo..." rasac SeiZleba uSualod mosdevdes<br />
zRapris arsebiTi nawili, an formula grZeldebodes:<br />
2. "iyo da ara iyo ra, RvTis ukeTesi ra iqneboda, iyo..." da daiwyos<br />
zRapari. magram formulas aqvs Semdgomi gafarToebis tendencia:<br />
3. "iyo da ara iyo ra, RvTis ukeTesi ra iqneboda, iyo SaSvi<br />
mgalobeli, RmerTi Cveni mwyalobeli, RmerTs dideba, Cven mSvidoba,<br />
RmerTi maRali, kaci dabali], iyo..." da iwyeba Tavad zRapris Sinaarsi.<br />
ra funqcias asrulebs zRapris dasawyisi? mas gadahyavs msmeneli<br />
erTi sinamdvilidan sxva sinamdvileSi _ realobidan zRapris samyaroSi.<br />
rogorc saxls aqvs winkari, romelsac oTaxSi (sacxovrebeli sivrceSi)<br />
SevyavarT, aseve zRaparic moiTxovs winkars. es sityvieri winkaria.<br />
SegviZlia zRapris winkari tradiciuli simbolikis planSi ganvixiloT.<br />
tradiciul xalxebSi stumrobis, stumris miRebis praqtika<br />
tipologiurad Tanxvdeba zRapris struqturas. monRolebSi stumars<br />
mxolod mas Semdeg dauwyeben saqmian saubars, rac CamoTavdeba<br />
standartuli tradiciuli misalmebebi (yalionis gabolebasTan erTad),<br />
romlebic araviTar informacias ar Seicaven da, cxadia, aranair<br />
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