samxedro saqme Zvel aRmosavleTSi
samxedro saqme Zvel aRmosavleTSi
samxedro saqme Zvel aRmosavleTSi
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faraonis mimarT, romelic dedamiwaze gansxeulebul RvTaebad iyo warmodgenili.<br />
u<strong>Zvel</strong>esi Sumerebis warmomavlobis Sesaxeb araerTi Sexedulebaa<br />
gamoTqmuli, Tumca erTi ram savsebiT naTelia, civilizaciis gariJraJze<br />
mesopotamiaSi mcxovreb, Tundac gansxvavebuli warmomavlobis xalxs,<br />
erTsa da imave enaze unda emetyvela, Tundac qveynis keTildReobis Ziri-<br />
Tadi ganmsazRvreli faqtoris _ sairigacio sistemis gamarTuli funqcionirebis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad.<br />
SedarebiT ufro gvian, Zv. w. XVIII saukuneSi, Seiqmna babilonis<br />
mefis _ hamurabis kanonTa krebuli; kacobriobis istoriaSi samoqalaqo<br />
samarTlis pirveli, srulfasovnad dokumentirebuli werilobiTi Zegli,<br />
romelmac didi gavlena moaxdina axlo aRmosavleTis momdevno epoqebis<br />
kanonmdeblobaze. mraval sxva sakiTxTan erTad, aq msoflioSi pirvelad<br />
gansazRvruli iyo mkurnalobis wesebi da eqimTa ufleba-movaleobebi. sabanko<br />
saqmianobac aseve pirvelad babilonSi Caisaxa, sadac taZrebSi<br />
Sesanaxad mihqondaT marcvleulis maragi, aseve saqoneli, sameurneo<br />
iaraRebi da Zvirfasi liTonebi.<br />
mesopotamiaSi Tvlidnen, rom maT qveyanaSi mTeli qoneba RmerTs<br />
ekuTvnoda da yvela sakiTxi, iqneboda es sameurneo, savaWro, piradi Tu<br />
omTan dakavSirebuli, kanonis mixedviT unda gadawyvetiliyo. Tu egvipteSi<br />
faraoni TviT iyo RmerTi da yvelaferi xalxica da sagnebic<br />
misi sakuTreba iyo, SumerSi mmarTvelebi ZiriTadad mainc Cveulebriv<br />
mokvdavebad ganixilebodnen.<br />
gavleniani sasuliero wodeba zedamxedvelobas uwevda saritualo<br />
adaTebis Sesrulebas. qurumebi zikuratebidan anu taZrebidan marTavdnen<br />
qveyanas. zikuratebi, faqtobrivad, alizis aguriT nagebi xelovnuri<br />
gorebi iyo, romlis gareTa kibe TandaTanobiT viwrovdeboda wverisaken,<br />
sadac samlocveloebi iyo mowyobili. sididiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda<br />
qalaq uris zikurati. imis gamo, rom SuamdinareTis dablobze<br />
qvis nakleboba iyo, Sumerebma qvis nacvlad daiwyes aguris warmoeba da<br />
am <strong>saqme</strong>Sic, did warmatebas miaRwies. agurebi gzis mosakirwyladac ki<br />
gamoiyeneboda.<br />
maRalganviTarebuli miwaTmoqmedeba, daxvewili sairigacio da<br />
wylis saregulirebeli sistemebi Sumeris keTildReobis ZiriTadi mizezi<br />
iyo. miRebuli dovlaTis siuxve didi qalaqebis ricxvis zrdas iwvevda.<br />
Sumeris yvelaze mniSvnelovani qalaqi-saxelmwifoebi iyo: uruqi, eridu,<br />
qiSi, lagaSi, aqadi, aqSaqi, larsa, uri. qalaqis galavnebs zogjer ormagi<br />
daniSnuleba hqonda. qalaqis dacvis garda, maT mtrisaTvis unda<br />
eCvenebinaT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis Zlevamosileba. Sumeruli<br />
qalaqis, uruqis galavans saxeli Sors hqonda gavardnili. igi 9,5 km<br />
sigrZisa da 12 m simaRlis iyo.<br />
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