sodininkystė ir daržininkystė 31(3–4)

Table 2 continued2 lentelės tęsinys1 2 3Early (FE – I)33.9 CAnkstyvosOptimum (FE – II)78.5 AOptimaliosLate (FE – III)40.7 BVėlyvoscv. ‘Gina’46.6 Bcv. ‘Sarıkız’49.8 Bcv. ‘Sırık Ayse’57.7 Acv. ‘Balkız’50.1 BF valuesP reikšmėsP valuesP reikšmėsSowing date409.61 0.001Sėjos dataCultivars11.79 0.001VeislėsSowing date × cultivarSėjos data × veislė6.62 0.001Different letters denote significant differences at 0.001 probability level. Letters in parenthesisare comparisons of each cultivar across sowing date. Letters that are not in parenthesis arecomparisons of each sowing date across cultivars; SEM: standard error of meanSkirtingos raidės žymi patikimus skirtumus esant tikimybės lygiui 0,001. Raidės skliaustuose –tai kiekvienos veislės palyginimas su sėjos data. Raidės, kurios nėra skliaustuose, – tai kiekvienossėjos datos palyginimas su veislėmis; SVK – standartinė vidurkio paklaidaIn the work to determine the effect of sowing time, in common bean, averagefield emergence varied from 17 % from early planting to 91 % under better conditions(Kolasinska et al., 2000). In another emergence trial, on beans, seed field emergencedifferences were related to sowing time and cultivar characteristics (Balkaya, Odabas,2002; Kaymak, Guvenc, 2008).The major environmental factor influencing field emergence is soil temperatureand moisture at sowing (Kolasinska et al., 2000; Kaymak, Guvenc, 2008). The optimumsoil and air temperatures for emergence are > 9 and 14 °C, respectively (Gunay,2005) and temperatures of 8–10 °C are considered to the lower limit for bean seedlingdevelopment. Moreau-Valancogne et al. (2008) also reported that field emergence ratesvaried from 56 to 90 % and these differences were large between sowing situations,emergence was mainly delayed by low soil temperatures or dry conditions, and theoptimum soil temperature for bean seed germination was 20–30 °C and germinationof 39 bean seed samples at 10 °C was by 60 % lower (Kolasinska et al., 2000). Inthis experiment, detailed information about the soil and air temperature and rainfallof the experimental area were shown in Figure (TSMR, 2004). Average field emergence(Table 2) ceased to depend on soil temperature at temperatures above 14 °C.51